Preface xv
Ashu TANEJA, Abhishek KUMAR, Suresh Vishnudas LIMKAR, Mariya OUAISSA and Mariyam OUAISSA
Chapter 1. AI-Driven Digital Twins for 6G-Enabled Urban Traffic Optimization 1
Saurabh YADAV, Imene Elhachfi ESSOUSSI, Ankish NAIR, Shubneet and Anushka Raj YADAV
1.1. Introduction 2
1.2. Foundations of digital twins for 6G smart cities 5
1.3. 6G network digital twins 7
1.4. AI-driven urban mobility twins in 6G 9
1.5. Energy grids and sustainability in urban twins 11
1.6. Data, encoding and model risk in 6G urban twins 14
1.7. Cyber-physical and systemic risks in 6G twins 17
1.8. Advanced hybrid and algorithmic developments 19
1.9. Case studies and pilots 21
1.10. Conclusion 23
1.11. References 25
Chapter 2. Exploring Quantum Simulation Techniques for Predictive Real-Time Traffic Control in Smart Cities 29
Muhammad YOUNUS, Halimah Abdul MANAF, Bhimo Widyo ANDOKO, Andi ADAWIAH, Bambang IRAWAN, Dyah MUTIARIN, Eliza MEIYANI, Imron SOHSAN, Dian Suluh Kusuma DEWI and Andi Luhur PRIANTO
2.1. Introduction 30
2.2. Literature review 31
2.3. Research method 34
2.4. Results and discussion 35
2.5. Conclusion 39
2.6. References 40
Chapter 3. 6G-Enabled Cooperative ADAS and Autonomous Driving: Role of AI and Digital Twin 45
Poonam SINGH, Manju BAGGA, Pooja RANI and Neelima
3.1. Introduction 45
3.2. Study purpose 47
3.3. Literature review 47
3.4. Critical analysis 51
3.5. Structured assessment of AI and digital twins in cooperative ADAS and autonomous driving 53
3.6. Literature limitations 56
3.7. Gaps and future research directions 58
3.8. Overall synthesis and conclusion 60
3.9. References 61
Chapter 4. A Multi-Agent and Digital Twin Framework for Simulating Daily Urban Mobility in Smart Cities 65
Khalid QBOUCHE and Khadija RHOULAMI
4.1. Introduction 65
4.2. Related works 67
4.3. A conceptual framework for digital twin-based multi-agent systems. 69
4.4. Results and discussion 71
4.5. Conclusion 75
4.6. References 75
Chapter 5. Algorithmic Accountability in Autonomous Vehicles: Legal Frameworks for 6G-Enabled Smart Cities 79
Kalpna SHARMA and Shashank SOLANKI
5.1. Introduction 79
5.2. Technological environment 6G-enhanced autonomous mobility 81
5.3. The normative framework of algorithmic accountability 84
5.4. Limitations of classical liability doctrines 86
5.5. Comparative international regulatory framework 87
5.6. Real-case-based examples 90
5.7. In-depth case study legality: Uber ATG crash 90
5.8. Insurances and victim compensation models 92
5.9. Smart city governance and regulatory sandboxes 94
5.10. Universal legal framework (core contribution) proposal 97
5.11. India-based policy recommendations 99
5.12. Conclusion 101
5.13. References 101
Chapter 6. AI-Driven Zero Trust Architecture for Resilient Fog-Cloud Systems: Foundations, Frameworks and Future Directions 105
Prachi CHATURVEDI, Shahnawaz AHMAD and Arvind MEWADA
6.1. Introduction 105
6.2. Foundations of fog computing for urban intelligence 108
6.3. AI-driven intelligence at the fog layer 112
6.4. Digital twin architectures for 6G smart cities 114
6.5. Fog-enabled digital twin frameworks for 6G 116
6.6. Use cases and applications 119
6.7. Research challenges and future directions 121
6.8. Conclusion 124
6.9. References 125
Chapter 7. Secure 6G Framework for Urban IoT Ecosystems using AI: Smart Transportation, Energy and Grid Intelligence 129
Delsi Robinsha S., Tanmay SHARMA, Vaidhehi M. and Pradeep SUDHAKARAN
7.1. Introduction 130
7.2. Background and motivation 130
7.3. Core technologies enabling secure 6G cities 131
7.4. Proposed secure 6G framework architecture 135
7.5. Smart transportation security: AI-driven protection for intelligent mobility system 139
7.6. Energy and grid intelligence security: protecting smart power infrastructure in 6G-enabled cities 143
7.7. Ethical, governance and sustainability considerations 146
7.8. Challenges and future research directions 147
7.9. Conclusion 149
7.10. References 149
Chapter 8. A Cognitive Digital Twin Framework for Causal and Multi-Agent Urban Healthcare in 6G Cities 153
Jareena Begam J., Karthika A., Vaisali BALASUBRAMANIAM, Pradeep S., Karthikeyan A. and Kaaviyakanth K.
8.1. Introduction 154
8.2. Related work 156
8.3. UCH-DT 160
8.4. System architecture 163Contents xi
8.5. Healthcare foundation model design 166
8.6. Multi-agent intelligence 168
8.7. Causal and prescriptive intelligence 171
8.8. Ethical, privacy and governance layer 173
8.9. Case study: smart city healthcare twin 175
8.10. Open challenges and future directions 177
8.11. Conclusion 179
8.12. References 181
Chapter 9. Adaptive Digital Twins and AI-Native 6G Networks with Neuromorphic Phase-Change Memory: Facilitating Future Urban Intelligence 185
G. Sreevidya VARMA, Prachi GUPTA and Mamatha M.
9.1. Introduction 185
9.2. 6G networks and AI-native intelligence 187
9.3. Digital twins in urban systems 188
9.4. Neuromorphic functionality in phase change memory 190
9.5. In-memory computing architectures 193
9.6. PCM-enabled adaptive digital twins 195
9.7. PCM in AI-native 6G networks 196
9.8. Energy efficiency and sustainability 197
9.9. Reliability challenges and mitigation strategies in PCM systems 198
9.10. Research roadmap 199
9.11. References 200
Chapter 10. The GEO-IoT-6G Data Ecosystem: A Systematic Literature Review of Geospatial Data Exploitation for Smart Cities and Intelligent Territorial Governance 205
Ayoub OUCHLIF, Hicham HAJJI and Kenza AITELKADI
10.1. Introduction 206
10.2. Methodology 208
10.3. Results 211
10.4. Discussion 215
10.5. Conclusion 218
10.6. Prospects 219
10.7. Chapter contributions 219
10.8. References 219
Chapter 11. AI and Digital Twin Synergy for Immersive Experiences in Future Smart Cities 223
Vijayanand SELVARAJ, Jawahar GOVINDARAJ and Ramkumar JAGANATHAN
11.1. Introduction 223
11.2. Conceptual foundations of urban intelligence 224
11.3. Digital twin technology in smart cities 225
11.4. AI as the cognitive engine of digital twins 225
11.5. AI and digital twin synergy architecture for 6G cities 226
11.6. Immersive experiences in future smart cities 227
11.7. Application domains of AI-driven digital twins 227
11.8. Human-centered urban experiences 229
11.9. Governance and ethical considerations 229
11.10. Challenges and limitations 231
11.11. Future research directions 231
11.12. Conclusion 231
11.13. References 231
Chapter 12. Toward AI-Driven, Federated and Self-Adaptive Urban Ecosystems for Cognitive Cities 235
Archana G. SAID and Mohammed Eltahir ABDELHAG
12.1. Introduction 236
12.2. Technological foundations of cognitive cities 240
12.3. Key challenges and practical constraints in cognitive cities 249
12.4. Future research directions 254
12.5. Conclusion 255
12.6. References 256
Chapter 13. Future Vision for Cognitive Cities: Challenges, Practical Constraints and Real-World Deployment Perspectives 259
Prachi GUPTA and Abhishek KUMAR
13.1. Introduction to cognitive cities 260
13.2. Cognitive cities: concepts and architectural foundations 263
13.3. Enabling technologies for cognitive urban intelligence 266
13.4. Application domains of cognitive cities 271
13.5. Technical challenges in cognitive city systems 274
13.6. Practical constraints and socio-technical concerns 277
13.7. Deployment-oriented case discussions 279
13.8. Framework for real-world deployment of cognitive cities 281
13.9. Future research directions and policy priorities 282
13.10. Conclusion 284
13.11. References 284
List of Authors 289
Index 295
