Preface xiii
Yves CHARBIT
Presentation of Authors xv
Introduction. Interdisciplinary Perspectives xxi
Yves CHARBIT
Part 1. Historical and Demographic Context 1
Chapter 1. Definition and Implementation of Human Rights in France (18th-20th Centuries) 3
Ralph SCHOR
1.1. Introduction: the Ancien Regime 3
1.2. The legacy of the Enlightenment 5
1.3. The generous face of the interwar period: openness and human rights 9
1.4. The dark side of the interwar period: xenophobia and racism 15
1.5. Conclusion 19
1.6. References 20
Chapter 2. French Immigration Policy 1945-2025 23
Catherine WIHTOL DE WENDEN
2.1. Introduction 23
2.2. 1945-1974: an immigration policy dominated by labor needs 24
2.3. 1974-2007: a logic of closure, coupled with the issue of integration 33
2.4. The irresistible rise of the politicization of the migration issue, under the control of public opinion 48
2.5. References 50
Chapter 3. Xenophobic Populism and the Instrumentalization of African Demography 53
Yves CHARBIT
3.1. Demography and immigration: the facts 54
3.2. Three pseudo theories on immigration 61
3.3. The historical roots of current xenophobia (1830-1974) 70
3.4. The right and immigration 74
3.5. Conclusion 76
3.6. References 78
Chapter 4. Migration Flows and Political Realism in Spain (1991-2025) 81
Juan David SEMPERE SOUVANNAVONG
4.1. From a country of emigration to a country of immigration: the background to foreign immigration in Spain 82
4.2. The 2000s: migratory expansion and the construction of an immigration policy 86
4.3. Crises and the reconfiguration of the migration system 93
4.4. Conclusion 98
4.5. References 99
Chapter 5. Italian Migration: Putting an End to its Segmented Representation 101
Adelina MIRANDA
5.1. Introduction 101
5.2. International, colonial and internal emigration 103
5.3. The resurgence of emigration after the 2000s 107
5.4. Between old and new migrants in France 109
5.5. The political and identity dimensions of immigration 111
5.6. The presence of women 115
5.7. Migration, "internal racism" and "external racism" 117
5.8. Conclusion 121
5.9. References 122
Chapter 6. Migration and Migration Policies in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation since 1945 129
Lewis H. SIEGELBAUM
6.1. Post-war migration and post-colonial migration 130
6.2. Labor migration, 1950s-1980s 136
6.3. Asylum and refugee migration 141
6.4. Conclusion 146
6.5. References 147
Part 2. The Political and Ideological Dimension 153
Chapter 7. Human Rights and International Displacement: Causes, Frameworks and Challenges 155
James F. HOLLIFIELD and Tessa PETERSON
7.1. Introduction 155
7.2. Historical context 157
7.3. Forced migration and displacement of people 157
7.4. The liberal paradox and the dilemmas of migration governance 159
7.5. "People are not shirts" 163
7.6. Human rights instruments 165
7.7. Moving forward 170
7.8. Conclusion 171
7.9. References 172
Chapter 8. The Tension Between Human Rights and International Migration 175
Serge RABIER
8.1. Introduction 175
8.2. Colonial and post-colonial migration to the present day: the unthought aspect of legal universalism 176
8.3. Human rights challenged by migrant otherness or the political construction of a threat 184
8.4. Migrants' rights as a reflection of current issues in international economic and geopolitical relations 187
8.5. Contemporary migration and human rights between demographic realities, ideology and political choices: the case of Europe 190
8.6. Conclusion 194
8.7. References 195
Chapter 9. Struggle and Solidarity: Nativism, Immigration and the Defense of Human Rights in the United States in the 21st Century 197
Neil FOLEY
9.1. Introduction 197
9.2. The modern immigrant detention system 199
9.3. Family separation 201
9.4. Refugees and asylum seekers 204
9.5. Forced return and violation of the principle of non-refoulement 205
9.6. The sanctuary movement 207
9.7. DREAMERS 212
9.8. Coalitions for immigrant rights and environmental justice 214
9.9. Conclusion 218
9.10. References 218
Chapter 10. Indian Laws on Refugees and Hospitality Policy Since Independence 229
Hemaadri Singh RANA
10.1. Introduction 229
10.2. Epistemological basis of international refugee law 230
10.3. India's ambivalence toward refugee law 235
10.4. Hospitality policy in India 241
10.5. Conclusion 243
10.6. References 244
Chapter 11. Updating the National Register of Citizens in Assam, India: The Birth of an Anti-Immigrant Discourse 249
Samir Kumar DAS
11.1. Introduction 249
11.2. Elusive readability 250
11.3. Liminal refugees 255
11.4. The nation's game 257
11.5. Translation 260
11.6. Differences and continuities 263
11.7. Educational self-criticism 265
11.8. References 267
Chapter 12. Towards a Moroccan Immigration and Asylum Policy Respectful of Human Rights 271
Nadia KHROUZ and Mohamed AMARTI
12.1. Introduction 271
12.2. The progressive construction of a migration policy 272
12.3. Reforms since the adoption of the 2011 Constitution 277
12.4. Critical analysis of legal and institutional mechanisms relating to migrants' rights in Morocco 284
12.5. Conclusion 291
12.6. References 292
Chapter 13. System for the Protection of Sub-Saharan Children in Tunisia 297
Riadh BEN KHALIFA
13.1. Introduction 297
13.2. Research questions and methodology 299
13.3. The legal framework for the protection of EJM 301
13.4. Actors in protection and access to rights 306
13.5. The fight against discrimination and human trafficking 311
13.6. Interorganizational collaboration 313
13.7. Conclusion 316
13.8. Appendix 317
13.9. References 318
Chapter 14. Scientifically Criminalizing Immigrants (Argentina 1890-1914) 321
Eugenia SCARZANELLA
14.1. Introduction 321
14.2. Lombrosian criminal anthropology in Argentina 322
14.3. Criminal groups 324
14.4. Measuring crime rates among foreigners 327
14.5. Immigrant crime: a political issue 334
14.6. Conclusion 336
14.7. References 337
List of Authors 341
Index 343
