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Produktbild: Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry (Second Edition)
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Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry (Second Edition)

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

09.03.2027

Abbildungen

101 color + 31 b/w illus. 8 tables.

Verlag

University Presses

Seitenzahl

336

Maße (L/B)

25,4/20,3 cm

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-691-27551-2

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

09.03.2027

Abbildungen

101 color + 31 b/w illus. 8 tables.

Verlag

University Presses

Seitenzahl

336

Maße (L/B)

25,4/20,3 cm

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-691-27551-2

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry (Second Edition)

    • Preface
    • Chapter 1: Measures of Atmospheric Composition
      • 1.1 Relative concentration
      • 1.2 Absolute concentration
      • 1.3 Column concentration and optical depth
        • Box 1.1: Radiation intensity, radiation flux, and actinic flux
      • 1.4 Aerosol size distribution
      • 1.5 Partial pressure
      • 1.6 Phase diagram of water and cloud formation
        • Box 1.2: Derivation of the phase rule
      • 1.7 Aerosol water and visibility
        • Questions and Problems, Chapter 1
          • 1.1 Questions
          • 1.2 The ozone layer
          • 1.3 Gravitational settling of particles
          • 1.4 Phase partitioning of water in a cloud
          • 1.5 Seeing your breath
          • 1.6 Dew point during heat waves
        • Chapter 2: Atmospheric Pressure
          • 2.1 Measuring atmospheric pressure
          • 2.2 Mass of the atmosphere
          • 2.3 Variation of pressure and temperature with altitude
          • 2.4 Pressure-gradient force
          • 2.5 The barometric law
            • Box 2.1: Gravitational separation of air by molecular diffusion
          • 2.6 The sea-breeze circulation
            • Questions and Problems, Chapter 2
              • 2.1 Questions
              • 2.2 Comparing the atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars
              • 2.3 Measuring aerosol concentrations from aircraft
              • 2.4 Estimating global atmospheric masses
              • 2.5 Oxygen in the Archean atmosphere
            • Chapter 3: Simple Models
              • 3.1 Model processes
                • Box 3.1: The continuity equation
              • 3.2 One-box model
                • 3.2.1 Mass balance equation
                • 3.2.2 Atmospheric lifetime
                • 3.2.3 Solution for first-order loss
              • 3.3 Two-box model
              • 3.4 Chemical transport models
                • Questions and Problems, Chapter 3
                  • 3.1 Questions
                  • 3.2 Atmospheric helium
                  • 3.3 Atmospheric titration
                  • 3.4 Aerosol scavenging by precipitation
                  • 3.5 The Montreal Protocol
                  • 3.6 Growth of atmospheric methane
                  • 3.7 Interhemispheric exchange
                  • 3.8 Exchange between the troposphere and the mesosphere
                • Chapter 4: Atmospheric Transport
                  • 4.1 Forces in the atmosphere
                    • Box 4.1: The Coriolis force
                  • 4.2 General circulation of the atmosphere
                  • 4.3 Vertical transport
                    • 4.3.1 Buoyancy and atmospheric stability
                    • Box 4.2: Buoyancy
                    • Box 4.3: Derivation of the adiabatic lapse rate
                    • 4.3.2 Factors determining atmospheric stability
                    • 4.3.3 Diurnal cycle of planetary boundary layer mixing
                    • 4.3.4 Timescales for vertical transport
                    • Questions and Problems, Chapter 4
                      • 4.1 Questions
                      • 4.2 Cloud base altitude
                      • 4.3 An atmosphere with fixed relative humidity?
                      • 4.4 Fumigation
                      • 4.5 International transport of pollution
                      • 4.6 Effect of climate change on air quality
                    • Chapter 5: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
                      • 5.1 A brief history of the atmosphere
                      • 5.2 Biogeochemical cycling of elements
                        • 5.2.1 General principles
                        • Box 5.1: Redox reactions, oxidation states, stoichiometry
                        • 5.2.2 Working with biogeochemical box models
                        • Box 5.2: Characteristic timescales in linear models
                      • 5.3 The nitrogen cycle
                        • Box 5.3: Zel’dovich mechanism for high-temperature oxidation of N2 to NO
                        • Box 5.4: Global budget of atmospheric N2O
                      • 5.4 The oxygen cycle
                      • 5.5 The carbon cycle
                        • Box 5.5: Water chemistry: Chemical equlibrium, Henry’s law, acid dissociation, electroneutrality
                        • 5.5.1 CO2 equilibrium with the ocean
                        • 5.5.2 The natural carbon cycle
                        • 5.5.3 The perturbed carbon cycle
                        • Box 5.6: Derivation of equation (5.30)
                        • Questions and Problems, Chapter 5
                          • 5.1 Questions
                          • 5.2 Interpreting the airborne fraction of CO2
                          • 5.3 Atmospheric lifetime of helium
                          • 5.4 Ocean uptake of CO2 by dissolution of sediments
                          • 5.5 Fossil fuel combustion as a source of water vapor
                          • 5.6 Ocean alkalinity and ammonia
                          • 5.7 Attributing the land sink of CO2
                        • Chapter 6: Chemical Forcing of Climate Change
                          • 6.1 Radiation
                            • 6.1.1 Emission of radiation
                            • 6.1.2 Blackbody radiation and Kirchhoff’s law
                          • 6.2 Effective temperature of the Earth
                            • 6.2.1 Solar and terrestrial emission spectra
                            • 6.2.2 Radiative balance of the Earth
                          • 6.3 The greenhouse effect
                            • 6.3.1 Absorption of radiation by gas molecules
                            • 6.3.2 Simple greenhouse model
                            • 6.3.3 Improving on the simple greenhouse model
                            • 6.3.4 Interpretation of the terrestrial radiation spectrum
                          • 6.4 Aerosol effects
                          • 6.5 Radiative forcing
                            • 6.5.1 Climate response to radiative forcing
                            • Box 6.1: Diagnosing climate sensitivity in Earth system models
                            • 6.5.2 Radiative forcing since preindustrial time
                          • 6.6 Climate policy metrics
                            • Questions and Problems, Chapter 6
                              • 6.1 Questions
                              • 6.2 Jupiter and Mars
                              • 6.3 The faint Sun problem
                              • 6.4 Cooling of the stratosphere by greenhouse gases
                              • 6.5 Remote sensing in the thermal infrared
                              • 6.6 Albedo increase from aerosols
                              • 6.7 Black carbon and clouds
                              • 6.8 Solar geoengineering
                            • Chapter 7: Review of Chemical Kinetics
                              • 7.1 Bimolecular reactions
                              • 7.2 Three-body reactions and thermolysis
                              • 7.3 Photolysis
                              • 7.4 Radical reaction chains
                              • 7.5 Working with chemical mechanisms
                              • 7.6 Chemical families
                            • Chapter 8: Stratospheric Chemistry
                              • 8.1 Early measurements
                              • 8.2 Chapman mechanism
                                • 8.2.1 Mechanism description
                                • Box 8.1: Energy states of the oxygen atom
                                • 8.2.2 Steady-state analysis
                              • 8.3 Catalytic cycles for ozone loss
                                • 8.3.1 Hydrogen oxide radicals
                                • 8.3.2 Nitrogen oxide radicals
                                • Box 8.2: Determining the rate-limiting step in a reaction mechanism
                                • 8.3.3 Chlorine radicals
                              • 8.4 Polar ozone depletion: The Antarctic ozone hole
                              • 8.5 Chemistry of the lower stratosphere
                                • Questions and Problems, Chapter 8
                                  • 8.1 Questions
                                  • 8.2 Fabry’s discovery of the ozone layer
                                  • 8.3 The shape of the ozone layer
                                  • 8.4 The Chapman mechanism and steady state
                                  • 8.5 HOx-catalyzed cycles for ozone loss
                                  • 8.6 HOx-catalyzed ozone loss
                                  • 8.7 NOx-catalyzed ozone loss
                                  • 8.8 Expanding the definition of the odd oxygen family
                                  • 8.9 Chemical loss of NOy in the upper stratosphere
                                  • 8.10 Chlorine-catalyzed ozone loss
                                  • 8.11 Ozone depletion potential of halocarbons
                                  • 8.12 A proposal to fix the ozone hole
                                  • 8.13 Iodine-catalyzed ozone loss
                                • Chapter 9: Tropospheric Oxidant Chemistry
                                  • 9.1 A brief history
                                  • 9.2 Tropospheric OH
                                    • 9.2.1 Methyl chloroform proxy
                                    • 9.2.2 Budgets of OH-reacting gases: CO, methane, NMVOCs
                                    • Box 9.1: Global budget of CO
                                    • Box 9.2: Global budget of methane
                                    • Box 9.3: Global budget of NMVOCs
                                  • 9.3 Chemical mechanism for tropospheric ozone
                                    • 9.3.1 Tropospheric NOx
                                    • Box 9.4: Global sources of tropospheric NOx
                                    • 9.3.2 Oxidation of CO
                                    • 9.3.3 Oxidation of methane
                                    • Box 9.5: Global budget of H2
                                    • 9.3.4 Oxidation of NMVOCs
                                    • 9.3.5 Peroxyacetyl nitrate and other organic nitrates
                                  • 9.4 Dependence of ozone production on NOx and VOCs
                                    • 9.4.1 NOx- and VOC-limited regimes
                                    • 9.4.2 Ozone isopleth diagram
                                    • 9.4.3 Ozone production efficiency
                                  • 9.5 Global budget of tropospheric ozone
                                  • 9.6 Global distribution and trend of tropospheric ozone
                                  • 9.7 Global distribution and trend of tropospheric OH
                                  • 9.8 Diurnal cycle of surface ozone
                                    • Questions and Problems, Chapter 9
                                      • 9.1 Questions
                                      • 9.2 Branching reactions
                                      • 9.3 Using hydrocarbon pairs to infer OH concentrations
                                      • 9.4 Global sources of tropospheric ozone
                                      • 9.5 Local budget of tropospheric ozone
                                      • 9.6 Acetone as a source of OH and ozone
                                      • 9.7 Seasonal switch in ozone production regime
                                      • 9.8 Peroxynitric acid
                                      • 9.9 Chemical regimes in the upper troposphere
                                      • 9.10 Deep convection as an OH source
                                      • 9.11 Ozone production efficiency from diesel cars
                                      • 9.12 Tropospheric bromine explosion
                                    • Chapter 10: Aerosol Chemistry
                                      • 10.1 Historical perspective
                                      • 10.2 Aerosol life cycle and size distribution
                                      • 10.3 Aerosol composition
                                      • 10.4 Sulfate formation
                                        • Box 10.1: Global emission of sulfur gases
                                      • 10.5 Sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosol
                                        • Box 10.2: Global emission of ammonia
                                      • 10.6 Acid rain
                                      • 10.7 Organic aerosol
                                        • 10.7.1 Organic-phase model for SOA formation
                                        • 10.7.2 Aqueous-phase model for SOA formation
                                        • 10.7.3 Van Krevelen diagram for SOA formation and aging
                                        • Questions and Problems, Chapter 10
                                          • 10.1 Questions
                                          • 10.2 Oxidation of SO2 to sulfate
                                          • 10.3 Increasing nitrate aerosol as NOx emissions decrease
                                          • 10.4 Chloride displacement by nitric acid
                                          • 10.5 Sulfuric versus sulfurous acid
                                          • 10.6 The true acidity of rain
                                          • 10.7 Acidity of rain in the preindustrial atmosphere
                                          • 10.8 Simple organic-phase model for SOA formation
                                          • 10.9 VBS model applied to dilution of fresh exhaust
                                          • 10.10 Glyoxal as a source of organic aerosol
                                          • 10.11 Aerosol lifetimes against deposition
                                        • Chapter 11: Atmospheric Mercury
                                          • 11.1 Mercury as an atmospheric gas
                                          • 11.2 Hg(0)/Hg(II) redox chemistry
                                          • 11.3 Global biogeochemical cycling of mercury
                                            • Questions and Problems, Chapter 11
                                              • 11.1 Questions
                                              • 11.2 Atmospheric chemistry of mercury
                                              • 11.3 Mercury deposition to the ocean
                                              • 11.4 Mercury from the Gold Rush
                                            • Index