Introduction: anticolonial history and social theory Anaheed Al-Hardan and Julian Go; Part I. Activists, Intellectuals, Movements: 1. Genealogies of anticolonialism: Aimé Césaire on alienation and under-development Arwa Awan; 2. Anticolonialism and national liberation: an intellectual history of Zweledinga Pallo Jordan Ayesha Omar; 3. An anticolonial critique of sovereignty: Radhabinod Pal on war and international order Ibrahim Khan; 4. Decolonization as transformation: Malek Bennabi's philosophy of liberation Mahmoud Al-Zayed; 5. Revolutionary women's praxis to bury colonialism, 1945-1949 Elisabeth Armstrong; Part II. Schools of Thought: 6. Palestinian anticolonial national liberation in the present Anaheed Al-Hardan; 7. Genealogies of auto-centered development: the afterlives of China in Arab developmental thought Max Ajl; 8. Anticolonial sociology in Latin America, 1950-1970 João Marcelo E. Maia; Part III. Dissident Sociologists: 9. Firing back imperialism from the peripheries: the anticolonial sociology of Abdelmalek Sayad Amín Pérez; 10. A. R. Desai's Marxist critique of nationalism and of the Indian nation-state: towards a reframing of sociology as social science Sujata Patel; 11. The ecological social theory of Radhakamal Mukerjee Joshua Silver; Part IV. On Method: 12. Anticolonial action across the black Atlantic: black feminist approaches to insurrection at sea Pyar J. Seth and Alexandre I. R. White; Epilogue Sudipta Kaviraj.