Preface xvii
Part I: Foundational Concepts 1
1 Introduction to Blockchain Technology 3
Vivek Tomar, Swati Sharma and Sangeeta Arora
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Evolution of Blockchain 7
1.3 Working of Blockchain 10
1.4 Applications of Blockchain 18
1.5 Future of Blockchain 22
1.6 Conclusion 24
2 IoT Integration in Health Sciences 29
Bharti Chugh, Karnika Dwivedi, Preeti Garg, Pankaj Bhatt and Sachi Gupta
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 IoT Health Sciences Framework 33
2.3 IoT Health Sciences Applications 36
2.4 Challenges 38
2.5 Internet of Things (IoT) Health Security Concerns 41
2.6 Summary 45
3 Transforming of Healthcare with IoT 49
Oroos Arshi and Aryan Chaudhary
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 Related Works 51
3.3 Key Features Internet of Things for Healthcare Management 53
3.4 Application of IoT in Healthcare 56
3.5 IoT Based Healthcare Challenges 59
3.6 Patient Empowerment Through IoT in Healthcare 61
3.7 Conclusion 63
Part II: Blockchain in Healthcare 67
4 Blockchain-Enabled Health Platforms: Mitigating Vitamin D Deficiency through Decentralized Health Data Management 69
Reepu, Gaganjot and Preethi John
4.1 Introduction 70
4.2 Method 70
4.3 Literature Review 72
4.4 Health Promotion and the HBM 74
4.5 Blockchain Integration 77
4.6 Challenges 79
4.7 Discussion 79
4.8 Future Work and Research Opportunities 80
4.9 Conclusion 82
5 Exploring the Potentiality of Blockchain Technology in Healthcare and Data Security: Perceptions of General and Engineering College Students in West Bengal 87
Mazhar Shamsi Ansary, Indrajit Mahato and Santosh Kumar Behera
5.1 Introduction 88
5.2 Literature Review 91
5.3 Objectives of the Study 93
5.4 Hypotheses of the Study 94
5.5 Method of the Study 95
5.6 Results and Discussion 96
5.7 Future Research Opportunities 105
5.8 Conclusion 106
6 Implementing Blockchain, IoT and Cloud in Healthcare 111
M. Dhurgadevi, D. VimalKumar, R. Senthilkumar and K. Gunasekaran
6.1 Introduction 112
6.2 Related Work 115
6.3 Cloud Services in the Healthcare Industry 117
6.4 Emergence of Blockchain in Cloud Technology 118
6.5 IoT-Assisted Healthcare System 119
6.6 Blockchain Integration with IoT and Cloud Technology 120
6.7 Results and Discussion 122
6.8 Future Work and Research Opportunities 124
6.9 Conclusion 125
7 E-Health Using AI with Blockchain 129
Sunil Gautam, Pooja Patel, Heer Ramavat and Gaurav Agarwal
7.1 Introduction 130
7.2 Related Works 134
7.3 Discussion About Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence 139
7.4 Conclusion 152
7.5 Future Works 153
8 Current Developments of Blockchain Technology in Bioinformatics and Healthcare 159
Sneha Roy, Saurav Kumar Mishra, Tabsum Chhetri, Kusum Gurung, Anagha Balakrishnan, Jeba Praba and John Johnros Georrge
9 Blockchain Technology Protocols, Applications and Use Cases 187
Oroos Arshi and Aryan Chaudhary
9.1 Introduction 188
9.2 An Overview of Blockchain Technology 188
9.3 Key Challenges of Blockchain Technology 193
9.4 Working With Distributed Ledger Technology and Blockchain 194
9.5 Blockchain, Digital Currency, Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin 196
9.6 Blockchain Examples and Use Cases 197
9.7 Conclusion 199
Part III: Blockchain in Pharmaceuticals 201
10 Blockchain Empowered Pharmaceuticals: A Paradigm Shift in Drug Development and Supply Chain Management 203
Parthasarathi P., Suresh Kumar K., Girimurugan R., Ravivarman G., Vigneshwaran M. and Perumal A.
10.1 Introduction 204
10.2 Literature Review 210
10.3 Proposed Solution 213
10.4 Results and Discussions 219
10.5 Conclusions 225
11 IoT and Blockchain Security for Medical Data 229
S. Pavithra, Pavani M. and Harini D.
11.1 Introduction 230
11.2 Related Works 231
11.3 Background 233
11.4 Proposed System 235
11.5 Experimental Result and Discussion 243
11.6 Conclusion 249
12 Blockchain in Pharmaceutical Research 253
Soma Saha and Bodhisatwa Mazumdar
12.1 Introduction 254
12.2 Salient Features of Pharmaceutical Supply Chain 258
12.3 Blockchain for Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management 261
12.4 Blockchain-Based Existing PSC: Case Studies 267
12.5 Conclusion 270
13 Transforming Pharmaceutical Research with Blockchain Technology 275
Karnika Dwivedi, Preeti Garg, Bharti Chugh, Pankaj Bhatt and Ashish Kumar
13.1 Introduction 276
13.2 Blockchain Technology: A New Era of Pharmaceutical Research 278
13.3 Blockchain for Securing Pharmaceutical Trades: A Layered Approach 283
13.4 Applications of Blockchain in Pharmaceutical Research 285
13.5 Challenges 287
13.6 Summary 289
13.7 Future Research Work 289
14 Blockchain Applications in Pharmaceutical Research: A Comprehensive Overview 293
Bhavna Sharma and Susheela Hooda
14.1 Introduction 294
14.2 Related Work 297
14.3 Landscape of Pharmaceutical Research 300
14.4 Role of Blockchain in Supply Chain Management 303
14.5 Aspects Related to Regulation 306
14.6 Comparative Analysis 308
14.7 Conclusion 310
15 Blockchain Innovations in Pharmaceutical Applications 313
Dinesh Kumar, Rajni, Puja Gulati, Savita Deokar, Rajib Singh and Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
15.1 Introduction 314
15.2 Blockchain and Supply Chain 314
15.3 Blockchain Networks 316
15.4 Data Governance 320
15.5 Data Quality 320
15.6 Pharmaceutical Turnover 321
15.7 Prescription Drug Monitoring 321
15.8 Blockchain: Distributed Ledger Technology 322
15.9 Conclusion 324
Part IV: Integration of AI, IoT and Blockchain 329
16 Using AI with Blockchain: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions in Health Sciences 331
Sheena Mohammed, Kaneez Fatima and Swathi Tejah Yalla
16.1 Introduction 332
16.2 Benefits of Integrating AI with Blockchain 334
16.3 Innovative Applications Across Industries 335
16.4 Current Challenges Confronting Healthcare Organizations in Both Managing Their Operations and Delivering Quality Medical Care 336
16.5 AI and Blockchain Have Immense Potential in Resolving These Obstacles Currently Faced 336
16.6 AI and Blockchain Uses in the Healthcare Industry 337
16.7 Realtime Applications in Healthcare Based on AI and Blockchain Technology 341
16.8 Challenges of Integrating AI with Blockchain in Health Sciences 342
16.9 Addressing the Challenges 343
16.10 Future Potential and Directions 345
16.11 Conclusion 346
17 Implementing CNN Algorithm for Medical Image Analysis 349
Vaishali Chourey, Mohd. Arsh, Jahnvi Chourey and Sunil Gautam
17.1 Introduction 350
17.2 Medical Imaging and Deep Learning 351
17.3 Fundamentals of Deep Learning and CNN 352
18 Smart Healthcare Systems with IoT and Blockchain 369
Ashish Kumar, Sachi Gupta and Vrinda Sachdeva
18.1 Introduction 370
18.2 Foundations of IoT Based Healthcare 372
18.3 IoT Solutions in Health Monitoring 372
18.4 Fog Computing and Cloud Integration 377
18.5 Blockchain Applications in Healthcare Systems 378
18.6 Security Features and Challenges 379
18.7 Future Advances in IoT-Powered Healthcare 381
18.8 Conclusion 383
Part V: Blockchain in Genomics & Blockchain Goverance 387
19 Blockchain Technology and Genomic Research 389
Odangowei Inetiminebi Ogidi and Ebimobotei Mao Bunu
19.1 Introduction 390
19.2 Overview of Blockchain Technology 392
19.3 An Overview of Genomics Research 395
19.4 Challenges in Genomics 396
19.5 Incorporation of Blockchain Technology into Genomics 398
19.6 Current Blockchain Technological Applications in Genomics 399
19.7 Challenges of Implementing Blockchain in Genomic Research 400
19.8 Future Directions 404
19.9 Conclusion 406
20 The Role of Blockchain in Genomics Sciences 411
Sunil Gautam, Mansi Menon and Roshni Rana
20.1 Introduction 412
20.2 General Applications of Blockchain 416
20.3 Related Works 419
20.4 Application of Blockchain Technology in Genomics 426
20.5 Current Blockchain-Based Approaches and Methods in Genomics 430
20.6 Limitations 434
20.7 Future Scenarios 435
21 Revealing Blockchain Governance and Intellectual Property Protection Unleashing Innovation in Drug Discovery and Traceability: Scaling Legal Framework in Smart Health Science 441
Bhupinder Singh and Christian Kaunert
21.1 Introduction 442
21.2 Blockchain Technology in Healthcare 446
21.3 Drug Discovery and Traceability 448
21.4 Blockchain Governance in Drug Discovery 450
21.5 Intellectual Property Protection in Health Sector: Blockchain Implementation 451
21.6 Challenges and Concerns 452
21.7 Conclusion and Future Scope 453
References 454
Index 465
