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Rethinking Psychology Finding Meaning in Misconceptions

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

07.05.2025

Verlag

Taylor & Francis

Seitenzahl

388

Maße (L/B/H)

23,4/15,6/2,1 cm

Gewicht

640 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-03-297818-5

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

07.05.2025

Verlag

Taylor & Francis

Seitenzahl

388

Maße (L/B/H)

23,4/15,6/2,1 cm

Gewicht

640 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-03-297818-5

EU-Ansprechpartner

Taylor & Francis Verlag GmbH
Kaufingerstraße 24
80331 München
DE
GPSR@taylorandfrancis.com

Herstelleradresse

Taylor & Francis Group
5 Howick Place
SW1P 1WG London
UK
GPSR@taylorandfrancis.com

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  • Produktbild: Rethinking Psychology
  • Produktbild: Rethinking Psychology

  • Preface

    Chapter 1: Is psychology a science?

    "Psychology is an inferior kind of science"

    Reproducibility and the 'replication crisis'

    Highly controlled experimental conditions

    Clearly defined terminology

     Predictability and testability: the 'theory crisis'

    What should psychologists do?

    Psychology is a different kind of science

     Myths in psychology

                 

    Chapter 2: Visual perception

    Myth: subliminal messages can motivate people's behaviour without their awareness

    Myth: we generally detect changes in objects

    Myth: visual perception provides us with very rich and accurate information about the environment at a glance

    Myth: everyone agrees on the colour of a dress (or #theDress)

    Myth: most people are 'face experts'

    Why do we believe so many myths about visual perception?

    Chapter 3: Mysteries of memory

    Myth: "Memory is like a video camera"

    Myth: memories do not change over time: they are permanent

    Myth: repression and 'return of the repressed' are very common

    Myth: amnesic patients have forgotten their pasts

    Myth: the only function of (episodic) memory is to provide access to our past experiences

    Myth: forgetting is a bad thing

    Chapter 4: Thinking and cognition

    Myth: 10,000 hours of practice produce outstanding performance

    Myth: brain training improves your brain functioning and intelligence

    Myth: we only use 10% of our brains

    Myth: Artificial Intelligence (AI) will soon be much more intelligent than humans

    Myth: nudges are very effective at changing people's behaviour

    Chapter 5: Intelligence

    Myth: there are multiple intelligences in the human mind

    Myth: it is important to match teaching methods to learning styles

    Myth: emotional intelligence is helpful in life

    Myth: IQ scores only measure how good someone is at taking intelligence tests

    Myth: intelligence does not depend on genetic factors

    Chapter 6: Personality

    Myth: high self-esteem is highly desirable (and low self-esteem very undesirable)

    Myth: situational factors overwhelm personality when predicting behaviour

    Myth: personality measures do not predict consequential outcomes (like health, wealth and divorce) well enough to be useful

    Myth: parenting practices are a major source of personality differences

    Myth: men are from Mars, women are from Venus (men and women have dramatically different personalities)

    Chapter 7: Social psychology

    Myth: Milgram proved that most people will obey immoral orders

    Myth: crowds typically panic in threatening situations

    Myth: Zimbardo proved that the power structure in prisons makes guards aggressive and violent

    Myth: individual differences in attitudes are mostly learned

    Myth: happiness is influenced most strongly by what happens to us

    Chapter 8: Mental disorders and their treatment

    Myth: mental illnesses are due almost entirely to people's life experiences

    Myth: psychiatric diagnoses or labels stigmatise people

    Myth: The Rorschach Inkblot test is a very useful way of diagnosing most mental illnesses

    Myth: people with multiple personality disorder (dissociative identity disorder) have more than one distinct personality

    Myth: most psychotherapy requires lying on a couch and recalling one's childhood

    Myth: antidepressants are much more effective than psychotherapy for treating depression

    Chapter 9: Psychology and the law

    Myth: an eyewitness's confidence is never a good predictor of their identification accuracy

    Myth: experts can nearly always identify the culprit from fingerprinting evidence

    Myth: DNA tests are almost infallible for identifying culprits

    Myth: the polygraph test is very good at detecting lying

    Myth: hypnosis enhances eyewitnesses' memory

    Myth: Offender profiling is (very) useful in identifying culprits

    Chapter 10: How to become a mythbuster

    Why do people subscribe to myths?

    Distorted research: biased experimental design, reporting and interpretations of findings

    Biased textbook coverage

    Members of the public: confirmation bias or wishful thinking

    Members of the public: deficient thinking about intrinsically improbable beliefs

    Members of the public: mistaken extrapolation from limited personal experience

    Members of the public: plausible beliefs based on general knowledge (kernel of truth)

    Conclusions

    Chapter 11: Brave new world

    Experiments: the gold standard?

    Developing new methods

    Experimenter bias

    The jingle-jangle fallacies

    Granularity problem

    Scientific analysis: meta-analysis

    Scientific reporting

    Psychology as a cumulative science

    Conclusions

    References