Exploration, Religion and Empire in the Sixteenth-century Ibero-Atlantic World A New Perspective on the History of Modern Science

Introduction, The New World and the problem of Eurocentrism, Science and empire, Summary of the chapters in this book, 1. The Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic, Portugal and Spain, Winds, currents, and sailing ships in the Atlantic, Gold, silver, slaves, souls, and a thousand kinds of trees, 2. The imperial bureaucracy and the appropriation of the New World, Seville and the Casa de Contratacion, The universal monarchy, 3. The piloto mayor: cosmography and the art of navigation, The post of piloto mayor: seamanship and cartography, The navigation manuals, Manuals for the Empire, Publications, dissemination, and secrecy, Humanism and the classics, Experience and authority, Man against the sea: shipwrecks and meteorology, Routes and chorographic descriptions: The New World within the new global order, 4. Machines of the empire, The ships, Shipbuilding, War and artillery, Navigational instruments, The astrolabe, The cross-staff, The mariner's compass, Time and clocks, The sounding/plumb line, The navigation charts, Astronomical tables, Instruments, measurements, precision, and standardization, The crew, The captain/admiral, The pilot, The shipmaster (maestre) and quartermaster (contramaestre), The boatswain (guardian), The ordinary seamen (marineros), Midshipmen (grumetes) and cabin boys (pajes), The carpenter, steward, cooper, and cook, The scribe, master-at-arms, and overseer, The cannoneer, The barber/surgeon, The priest, Life on board, The argot of the sailors, Overcrowding, Food and health, Men of the sea and men of God, 5. The Master Map (Padrón Real) and the cartography of the New World, Nautical charts and how they were made, The making of a chart, The charts of tierra firme: the earliest maps of the New World, Three early maps of the New World, Juan de la Cosa (1500), Waldseemuller (1507), Diego Ribero (1520) 6. The creatures of God never seen before: natural history, Nature in the New World, The classics and the Bible, Monsters in paradise, To describe, classify, and name, Medicine, botany, and the knowledge of the natives, The Empire and natural history, 7. The New World, global science, and Eurocentrism, Plus ultra, Experience and authority, The Empire and the challenge of standardization, Eurocentrism, Bibliography, About the Author, Index.