Chapter 1: What is Measurement?
1.1 Keating's War and Thorndike's Credo
1.2 What is (and What is Not) Measurement?
1.3 Educational and Psychological Measurement
1.4 Overview of this Book
Chapter 2. Psychophysical Measurement: Gustav Fechner and the Just Noticeable Difference
2.1 Overview
2.2 The Origins of Psychophysics
2.3 The Method of Right and Wrong Cases (The Constant Method)
2.4 Criticisms
2.5 Fechner's Legacy
2.6 Sources and Further Reading
Chapter 3. Whenever you Can, Count: Francis Galton and the Measurement of Individual Differences
3.1 Overview
3.2 Galton's Background
3.3 Three Influences on Galton's Thinking
3.4 The Concept of Relative Measurement
3.5 Galton's Conceptualization of Measurement
Chapter 4. Anthropometric Laboratories, Regression, and the Cautionary Tale of Eugenics
4.1 Galton's Instrumental Innovations
4.2 The Discovery of Regression and Correlation
4.3 The Horror of Eugenics
4.4 Galton's Legacy
4.5 Sources and Further Reading
Chapter 5. Mental Tests and Measuring Scales: The Innovations of Alfred Binet
5.1 Overview
5.2 Binet's Background
5.3 The Binet-Simon Measuring Scale
5.4 Binet's Conceptualization of Measurement
5.5 Criticisms
5.6 Binet's Legacy
5.7 Sources and Further Reading
Chapter 6. Measurement Error and the Concept of Reliability
6.1 Overview
6.2 Spearman's Background
6.3 Disattenuating Correlation Coefficients
6.4 Replications, Occasions, and Measurement Error
6.5 Varying Test Items and the Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula
6.6 The Development of Classical Test Theory
Chapter 7. Measurement Through Correlation: Spearman's Theory of Two Factors
7.1 Formalization of the Theory of Two Factors
7.2 Method of Corroborating the Theory
7.3 Building a Model of Human Cognition
7.4 The Interpretation of g
7.5 The Utility of the Two-Factor Theory
7.6 Spearman's Conceptualization of Measurement
Chapter 8. Theory vs. Method in the Measurement of Intelligence
8.1 Challenges to the Theory of Two Factors
8.2 Godfrey Thomson's Sampling Theory of Ability
8.3 Edwin Wilson and the Indeterminacy of g
8.4 Louis Thurstone's Multiple Factor Method
8.5 Spearman On Defense
8.6 Spearman's Legacy
8.7 Sources and Further Reading
Chapter 9. The Seeds of Psychometrics: Thurstone's Subjective Units
9.1 Overview
9.2 Thurstone's Background
9.3 Toward Psychological Measurement
9.4 Constructing a Psychological Continuum
9.5 Thurstone's Conceptualization of Measurement
9.6 Likert Scales
9.7 Thurstone's Legacy
9.8. Sources and Further Reading
Chapter 10. Representation, Operations, and the Scale Taxonomy of S. S. Stevens
10.1 Overview
10.2 Stevens's Background
10.3 Norman Campbell and the Representational Approach to Measurement
10.4 Stevens's Conceptualization of Measurement
10.5 The Process of Operational Measurement
10.6 Criticisms
10.7 Stevens's Legacy to Measurement
10.8 Sources and Further Reading
