Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Acronyms xix
Part I Introduction 1
1 Internet of Things-Enabled Systems and Infrastructure 3
1.1 Cyber-Physical Realm of IoT 3
1.2 IoT in Mission-Critical Applications 4
1.3 Overview of the Book 4
1.3.1 Main Topics 5
1.3.1.1 Dynamic Reservation ofWireless Spectrum Resources 5
1.3.1.2 Dynamic Cross-Layer Connectivity Using Aerial Networks 5
1.3.1.3 Dynamic Processes Over Multiplex Spatial Networks and
Reconfigurable Design 6
1.3.1.4 Sequential Resource Allocation Under Spatio-Temporal
Uncertainties 7
1.3.2 Notations 8
2 Resource Management in IoT-Enabled Interdependent
Infrastructure 9
2.1 System Complexity and Scale 9
2.2 Network Geometry and Dynamics 10
2.3 On-Demand MC-IoT Services and Decision Avenues 11
2.4 Performance Metrics 12
2.5 Overview of Scientific Methodologies 12
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Part II Design Challenges in MC-IoT 15
3 Wireless Connectivity Challenges 17
3.1 Spectrum Scarcity and Reservation Based Access 17
3.2 Connectivity in Remote Environments 19
3.3 IoT Networks in Adversarial Environments 22
4 Resource and Service Provisioning Challenges 25
4.1 Efficient Allocation of Cloud Computing Resources 25
4.2 Dynamic Pricing in the Cloud 27
4.3 Spatio-Temporal Urban Service Provisioning 31
Part III Wireless Connectivity Mechanisms for MC-IoT 35
5 Reservation-Based Spectrum Access Contracts 37
5.1 Reservation of Time-Frequency Blocks in the Spectrum 37
5.1.1 Network Model 38
5.1.2 Utility of Spectrum Reservation 39
5.2 Dynamic Contract Formulation 39
5.2.1 Objective of Network Operator 40
5.2.2 Spectrum Reservation Contract 40
5.2.2.1 Operator Profitability 40
5.2.2.2 IC and IR Constraints 41
5.2.3 Optimal Contracting Problem 41
5.2.4 Solution to the Optimization Problem 42
5.3 Mission-Oriented Pricing and Refund Policies 44
5.4 Summary and Conclusion 47
6 Resilient Connectivity of IoT Using Aerial Networks 49
6.1 Connectivity in the Absence of Backhaul Networks 49
6.2 Aerial Base Station Modeling 50
6.3 Dynamic Coverage and ConnectivityMechanism 52
6.3.1 MAP-MSD Matching 53
6.3.2 MAP Dynamics and Objective 54
6.3.3 Controller Design 55
6.3.3.1 Attractive and Repulsive Function 55
6.3.3.2 Velocity Consensus Function 56
6.3.4 Individual Goal Function 56
6.3.5 Cluster Centers 57
6.4 Performance Evaluation and Simulation Results 58
6.4.1 Results and Discussion 59
6.4.1.1 Simulation Parameters 59
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6.4.1.2 Resilience 61
6.4.1.3 Comparison 64
6.5 Summary and Conclusion 68
Part IV Secure Network DesignMechanisms 69
7 Wireless IoT Network Design in Adversarial
Environments 71
7.1 Adversarial Network Scenarios 71
7.2 Modeling Device Capabilities and Network Heterogeneity 71
7.2.1 Network Geometry 72
7.2.2 Network Connectivity 73
7.2.2.1 Intra-layer Connectivity 73
7.2.2.2 Network-wide Connectivity 74
7.3 Information Dissemination Under Attacks 76
7.3.1 Information Dynamics 77
7.3.1.1 Single Message Propagation 78
7.3.1.2 MultipleMessage Propagation 79
7.3.2 Steady State Analysis 80
7.4 Mission-Specific Network Optimization 81
7.4.1 Equilibrium Solution 81
7.4.2 Secure and Reconfigurable Network Design 87
7.5 Simulation Results and Validation 91
7.5.1 Mission Scenarios 92
7.5.1.1 Intelligence 92
7.5.1.2 Encounter Battle 93
7.6 Summary and Conclusion 96
8 Network DefenseMechanisms Against Malware
Infiltration 97
8.1 Malware Infiltration and Botnets 97
8.1.1 Network Model 97
8.1.2 Threat Model 99
8.2 PropagationModeling and Analysis 101
8.2.1 Modeling of Malware and Information Evolution 101
8.2.2 State Space Representation and Dynamics 102
8.2.3 Analysis of Equilibrium State 104
8.3 Patching Mechanism for Network Defense 109
8.3.1 Simulation Results 115
8.3.2 Simulation and Validation 120
8.4 Summary and Conclusion 124
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Part V Resource ProvisioningMechanisms 125
9 Revenue Maximizing Cloud Resource Allocation 127
9.1 Cloud Service Provider Resource Allocation Problem 127
9.2 Allocation and Pricing Rule 128
9.3 Dynamic Revenue Maximization 129
9.3.1 Adaptive and Resilient Allocation and Pricing Policy 134
9.4 Numerical Results and Discussions 135
9.5 Summary and Conclusion 139
10 Dynamic Pricing of Fog-Enabled MC-IoT Applications 141
10.1 Edge Computing and Delay Modeling 142
10.2 Allocation Efficiency and Quality of Experience 143
10.2.1 Allocation Policy 144
10.2.2 Pricing Policy 145
10.3 Optimal Allocation and Pricing Rules 146
10.3.1 Single VMI Case 146
10.3.2 Multiple VMI Case 149
10.3.3 Expected Revenue 155
10.3.4 Implementation of Dynamic VMI Allocation and
Pricing 156
10.4 Numerical Experiments and Discussion 158
10.4.1 Experiment Setup 158
10.4.2 Simulation Results 158
10.4.3 Comparison with Other Approaches 160
10.5 Summary and Conclusion 164
11 Resource Provisioning to Spatio-Temporal Urban
Services 165
11.1 Spatio-TemporalModeling of Urban Service Requests 165
11.1.1 Characterization of Service Requests 166
11.1.2 Utility of Resource Allocation 167
11.1.3 Problem Definition 169
11.2 Optimal Dynamic Allocation Mechanism 169
11.2.1 Dynamic Programming Solution 170
11.2.2 Computation and Implementation 172
11.3 Numerical Results and Discussion 174
11.3.1 Special Cases 174
11.3.1.1 Power Law Utility 174
11.3.1.2 Exponential Utility 176
11.3.2 Performance Evaluation and Comparison 178
11.4 Summary and Conclusions 180
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Part VI Conclusion 183
12 Challenges and Opportunities in the IoT Space 185
12.1 Broader Insights and Future Directions 185
12.1.1 Distributed Cross-Layer Intelligence for Mission-Critical IoT
Services 185
12.1.1.1 Secure and Resilient Networking for Massive IoT Networks 185
12.1.1.2 Autonomic Networked CPS: From Military to Civilian
Applications 186
12.1.1.3 Strategic Resource Provisioning for Mission-Critical IoT
Services 187
12.2 Future Research Directions 187
12.2.1 Distributed Learning and Data Fusion for Security and Resilience in
IoT-Driven Urban Applications 188
12.2.1.1 Data-Driven Learning and Decision-Making for Smart City Service
Provisioning 188
12.2.1.2 Market Design for On-Demand and Managed IoT-Enabled Urban
Services 189
12.2.1.3 Proactive Resiliency Planning and Learning for Disaster
Management in Cities 190
12.2.2 Supply Chain Security and Resilience of IoT 190
12.3 Concluding Remarks 191
Bibliography 193
Index 207
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