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Produktbild: The American Steam Locomotive in the Twentieth Century

The American Steam Locomotive in the Twentieth Century

69,99 €

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Altersempfehlung

ab 18 Jahr(e)

Erscheinungsdatum

01.04.2019

Verlag

Ingram Publishers Services

Seitenzahl

638

Maße (L/B/H)

28/21,6/3,5 cm

Gewicht

1579 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-4766-7900-6

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Altersempfehlung

ab 18 Jahr(e)

Erscheinungsdatum

01.04.2019

Verlag

Ingram Publishers Services

Seitenzahl

638

Maße (L/B/H)

28/21,6/3,5 cm

Gewicht

1579 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-4766-7900-6

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: The American Steam Locomotive in the Twentieth Century
  • Table of Contents

    Preface¿¿¿1
    Introduction¿¿¿3
    Part One: Background to Locomotive Development
    Chapter 1. The American Railroad Industry¿¿¿12
    1.1 Political and Economic Environment¿¿¿12
    1.1.1 Early Years of the Industry¿¿¿12
    1.1.2 Depression and New Expansion¿¿¿13
    1.1.3 The New Political Climate¿¿¿16
    1.1.4 War and Government Administration¿¿¿21
    1.1.5 The 1920s¿¿¿22
    1.1.6 The Depression Years¿¿¿24
    1.1.7 War and Aftermath¿¿¿27
    1.2 Size and Extent of the Railroad and Locomotive Building Industries¿¿¿28
    1.2.1 The Railroad Industry¿¿¿28
    1.2.2 Locomotive Building¿¿¿31
    1.3 Railroad Engineering¿¿¿35
    1.3.1 Management Science and the ­Ton-Mile Statistic¿¿¿35
    1.3.2 Locomotive and Train Operating Costs¿¿¿35
    1.3.3 The Trend to Bigger Equipment¿¿¿37
    1.3.4 The Trend to Higher Speeds¿¿¿39
    1.3.5 Track and Substructures¿¿¿41
    1.3.6 Signaling Systems¿¿¿42
    1.3.7 Integrated Improvement Programs¿¿¿43
    1.3.8 Maintenance and Availability¿¿¿48
    1.3.9 Working Conditions¿¿¿52
    1.3.10 Safety¿¿¿55
    1.3.11 The Motive Power Dilemma and the End of Steam¿¿¿58
    Part Two: Compounds and Mastodons, 1895-1905
    Chapter 2. General Steam Locomotive Development, 1895-1905¿¿¿64
    Chapter 3. Locomotive Engineering, 1895-1905¿¿¿76
    3.1 Fuels, Firing and Fuel Economy¿¿¿76
    3.1.1 Coal¿¿¿76
    3.1.2 Oil¿¿¿76
    3.1.3 Coal Firing¿¿¿77
    3.1.4 Mechanical Stokers¿¿¿79
    3.1.5 Firing Rates¿¿¿80
    3.1.6 Fuel Economy¿¿¿80
    3.2 Fireboxes and Combustion¿¿¿82
    3.2.1 Fireboxes¿¿¿82
    3.2.2 The Vanderbilt Boiler¿¿¿86
    3.2.3 ­Water-Tube Boilers¿¿¿87
    3.2.4 Grates¿¿¿87
    3.2.5 Brick Arches¿¿¿88
    3.2.6 Crownsheet Failures and Boiler Explosions¿¿¿90
    3.3. Boilers and Steam Generation¿¿¿92
    3.3.1 Boilers¿¿¿92
    3.3.2 Water Quality¿¿¿93
    3.3.3 Steam Generation¿¿¿93
    3.3.4 Water Gauge Glasses¿¿¿95
    3.3.5 Injectors¿¿¿96
    3.3.6 Feed Water Heaters¿¿¿96
    3.3.7 Superheating¿¿¿97
    3.4 Smokeboxes and Drafting¿¿¿99
    3.5 Cylinder Arrangements and Compounding¿¿¿103
    3.5.1 Cylinder Arrangements¿¿¿103
    3.5.2 Compounding¿¿¿104
    3.5.2.1 Early Compound Locomotives¿¿¿105
    3.5.2.2 Compounds in Americä¿¿106
    3.5.2.3 Road Tests, Performance and Service Results¿¿¿109
    3.5.2.4 Reappearance of the Tandem Compound¿¿¿111
    3.5.2.5 The ­Four-Cylinder Balanced Compound¿¿¿111
    3.5.2.6 The Mallet ­Four-Cylinder Articulated Compound¿¿¿113
    3.6 Valves and Valve Gear¿¿¿113
    3.6.1 Valves¿¿¿113
    3.6.1.1 Slide Valves¿¿¿113
    3.6.1.2 Piston Valves¿¿¿116
    3.6.2 Valve Gear¿¿¿117
    3.7 Frames and Running Gear¿¿¿118
    3.7.1 Frames¿¿¿118
    3.7.2 Accommodation to Curvature¿¿¿119
    3.7.3 Suspension¿¿¿120
    3.7.4 Counterbalancing¿¿¿122
    3.7.5 Internal Friction¿¿¿124
    3.7.6 Brakes¿¿¿124
    3.8 Performance Testing and Design¿¿¿124
    3.8.1 Road Tests¿¿¿125
    3.8.2 Static Test Plants¿¿¿127
    3.8.3 Tonnage Rating¿¿¿128
    3.8.4 Design¿¿¿130
    Chapter 4. Locomotive Construction, 1895-1905¿¿¿133
    4.1 Development of the 4-4-0¿¿¿133
    4.2 Fast Passenger Locomotives¿¿¿136
    4.2.1 The Last 4-2-2s¿¿¿136
    4.2.2 The Abortive Columbia Wheel Arrangement¿¿¿136
    4.2.3 Pursuit of High Power at High Speed: The First Atlantics¿¿¿137
    4.2.4 Heavy Passenger Power: The First Pacifics¿¿¿144
    4.3 ­Six-Coupled, ­Multi-Purpose Locomotives¿¿¿148
    4.3.1 ­Multi-Purpose ­Ten-Wheelers¿¿¿148
    4.3.2 Mogul Freight Locomotives¿¿¿152
    4.3.3 Further Pursuit of High Power at High Speed: The First Prairies¿¿¿154
    4.4 Heavy Freight Locomotives¿¿¿157
    4.4.1 Consolidations¿¿¿158
    4.4.2 Mastodons¿¿¿168
    4.4.3 The First Mikados¿¿¿170
    4.4.4 Decapods and the First Santa Fes¿¿¿173
    4.5 Switchers, Suburbans, Geared and ­Special-Purpose Locomotives¿¿¿174
    4.5.1 Switchers¿¿¿174
    4.5.2 Suburban Locomotives¿¿¿176
    4.5.3 Geared Locomotives¿¿¿177
    4.5.4 Other Unconventional Locomotives¿¿¿182
    Chapter 5.¿Traction Other Than Steam, 1895-1905¿¿¿186
    5.1 Electric Traction¿¿¿186
    5.2 Internal Combustion Traction¿¿¿188
    Part Three: Transformation, 1905-1920
    Chapter 6.¿General Steam Locomotive Development, 1905-1920¿¿¿190
    Chapter 7.¿Locomotive Engineering, 1905-1920¿¿¿200
    7.1 Fuels, Firing and Fuel Economy¿¿¿200
    7.1.1 Coal¿¿¿200
    7.1.2 Oil¿¿¿201
    7.1.3 Coal Firing¿¿¿202
    7.1.4 Mechanical Stokers¿¿¿203
    7.1.5 Fuel Economy¿¿¿211
    7.2. Fireboxes and Combustion¿¿¿212
    7.2.1 Combustion¿¿¿212
    7.2.2 Ash Pans¿¿¿214
    7.2.3 Brick Arches¿¿¿214
    7.2.4 Combustion Chambers¿¿¿216
    7.2.5 Thermic Siphons¿¿¿217
    7.2.6 Problems of the Staybolted Firebox¿¿¿218
    7.2.7 The Wood Corrugated Firebox¿¿¿219
    7.2.8 The ­Jacobs-Shupert Firebox¿¿¿219
    7.2.9 ­Water-Tube Fireboxes¿¿¿220
    7.2.10 Boiler Explosions¿¿¿221
    7.3 Boilers and Steam Generation¿¿¿223
    7.3.1 Boiler Pressures¿¿¿223
    7.3.2 Water Circulation¿¿¿223
    7.3.3 Boiler Washing and Water Treatment¿¿¿224
    7.3.4 Superheat¿¿¿226
    7.3.5 Feed Water Heaters¿¿¿232
    7.4 Cylinder Arrangements, Valves and Valve Gear¿¿¿233
    7.4.1 Compounding¿¿¿233
    7.4.2 The End of Compounding in Americä¿¿235
    7.4.3 Valves and Valve Gears¿¿¿237
    7.4.4 Power Reversers¿¿¿240
    7.5 Front Ends¿¿¿242
    7.6 Frames and Running Gear¿¿¿244
    7.6.1 Frames¿¿¿244
    7.6.2 Counterbalancing¿¿¿245
    7.7 Performance and Performance Testing¿¿¿246
    7.7.1 Performance Testing¿¿¿246
    7.7.1.1 Static Test Plants¿¿¿246
    7.7.1.2 Development Work on the Pennsylvania Test Plant¿¿¿246
    7.7.2 Performance Calculations¿¿¿251
    7.7.2.1 Locomotive Performance¿¿¿251
    7.7.2.2 Train Resistance¿¿¿252
    Chapter 8.¿Locomotive Construction, 1905-1920¿¿¿254
    8.1 Passenger Locomotives¿¿¿255
    8.1.1 Obsolescent Types: 4-4-0s, 4-6-0s, 2-6-0s and 2-6-2s¿¿¿255
    8.1.2 Heyday of the Atlantics¿¿¿260
    8.1.3 The 4-4-4¿¿¿263
    8.1.4 Growth of the Pacifics¿¿¿264
    8.1.5 The First Mountains¿¿¿278
    8.2 ­Rigid-Frame Freight Locomotives¿¿¿282
    8.2.1 The Consolidation Becomes Obsolete¿¿¿282
    8.2.2 Reign of the Mikados¿¿¿287
    8.2.3 Decapods¿¿¿295
    8.2.4 Heyday of the Santa Fe¿¿¿296
    8.3 Mallets¿¿¿303
    8.4 Switchers¿¿¿335
    Chapter 9.¿Traction Other Than Steam, 1905-1920¿¿¿340
    9.1 Electric Traction¿¿¿340
    9.2 Internal Combustion Traction¿¿¿342
    Part Four: Superpower, 1920-1930
    Chapter 10.¿General Steam Locomotive Development, 1920-1930¿¿¿346
    Chapter 11.¿Locomotive Engineering, 1920-1930¿¿¿359
    11.1 Fuels, Firing and Fuel Economy¿¿¿359
    11.1.1 Coal¿¿¿359
    11.1.2 Oil¿¿¿359
    11.1.3 Firebox and Grate Design¿¿¿360
    11.1.4 Power Stokers¿¿¿361
    11.1.5 Fuel Efficiency¿¿¿363
    11.2 Boilers and Steam Generation¿¿¿364
    11.2.1 Steam Generation¿¿¿364
    11.2.2 Pressures in ­Fire-Tube Boilers¿¿¿365
    11.2.3 ­Water-Tube Boilers¿¿¿366
    11.2.4 Feed Water Heaters¿¿¿371
    11.2.5 Exhaust Steam Injectors¿¿¿374
    11.2.6 Boiler Washing and Water Quality¿¿¿374
    11.2.7 Water Gauges¿¿¿375
    11.2.8 Boiler Explosions¿¿¿376
    11.3 Cylinders and Valve Gear¿¿¿378
    11.3.1 ­Three-Cylinder Locomotives¿¿¿378
    11.3.2 Compounding¿¿¿383
    11.3.3 Boosters¿¿¿384
    11.3.4 ­Cut-off Control¿¿¿385
    11.3.4.1 Limited ­Cut-off¿¿¿385
    11.3.4.2 ­Cut-off Instrumentation¿¿¿385
    11.3.4.3 Automatic ­Cut-off Control¿¿¿386
    11.4 Front Ends¿¿¿387
    11.4.1 Improved ­Exhaust-Blast Drafting¿¿¿387
    11.4.2 Fan Drafting¿¿¿389
    11.5 Frames and Running Gear¿¿¿389
    11.5.1 Counterbalancing¿¿¿389
    11.5.2 Frames¿¿¿390
    11.5.3 Trucks¿¿¿391
    11.5.4 Tandem Side Rods¿¿¿392
    Chapter 12.¿Locomotive Construction, 1920-1930¿¿¿394
    12.1 Passenger Locomotives¿¿¿394
    12.1.1 The Last ­Ten-Wheelers¿¿¿394
    12.1.2 Twilight of the Pacifics¿¿¿395
    12.1.3 The Mountains Hold On¿¿¿400
    12.1.4 The First Hudsons¿¿¿405
    12.1.5 The 4-8-4: The Ultimate ­Multi-Purpose Locomotive¿¿¿406
    12.2 Freight Locomotives¿¿¿410
    12.2.1 Last of the Consolidations and Decapods¿¿¿410
    12.2.2 End of the Line for the Santa Fes¿¿¿411
    12.2.3 The Union Pacific Type¿¿¿412
    12.2.4 Mighty Mikados¿¿¿415
    12.2.5 Superpower: The Berkshires¿¿¿418
    12.2.6 Superpower: The Texas Type¿¿¿421
    12.2.7 Coming of the Simple Mallets¿¿¿424
    12.3 Switchers¿¿¿429
    Chapter 13.¿Traction Other Than Steam, 1920-1930¿¿¿432
    13.1 Electric Traction¿¿¿432
    13.2 ­Internal Combustion Traction¿¿¿433
    Part Five: Finest and Final, 1930-1950
    Chapter 14.¿General Steam Locomotive Development, 1930-1950¿¿¿438
    Chapter 15.¿Locomotive Engineering, 1930-1950¿¿¿454
    15.1 Fuels, Combustion, Firing and Fuel Economy¿¿¿454
    15.1.1 Fuels¿¿¿454
    15.1.2 Fireboxes and Combustion¿¿¿454
    15.1.3 Power Stokers¿¿¿456
    15.1.4 Fuel Economy¿¿¿457
    15.2 Boilers and Steam Generation¿¿¿457
    15.2.1 Boiler Pressures in ­Fire-Tube Boilers¿¿¿457
    15.2.2 ­Water-Tube Boilers¿¿¿459
    15.2.3 Boiler Maintenance and Water Quality¿¿¿462
    15.2.4 Superheat¿¿¿463
    15.2.5 Injectors and Feed Water Heaters¿¿¿464
    15.2.6 Welded Boilers¿¿¿464
    15.2.7 Boiler Explosions¿¿¿465
    15.3 Steam Application, Valves and Valve Gear¿¿¿467
    15.3.1 Reversing Gear¿¿¿467
    15.3.2 Boosters¿¿¿467
    15.3.3 Poppet Valves¿¿¿467
    15.3.4 ­Steam-Turbine Locomotives¿¿¿469
    15.3.5 Duplex Drive¿¿¿473
    15.3.6 ­High-Pressure Reciprocating Engines¿¿¿474
    15.4 Front Ends¿¿¿474
    15.5 Frames and Running Gear¿¿¿478
    15.5.1 Engine Beds¿¿¿478
    15.5.2 Roller Bearings¿¿¿478
    15.5.3 Disc Driving Wheels¿¿¿480
    15.5.4 Tenders¿¿¿481
    15.5.5 Counterbalancing and Effects on Track¿¿¿481
    15.5.6 Streamlining and Decoration¿¿¿484
    Chapter 16.¿Locomotive Construction, 1930-1950¿¿¿491
    16.1 ­Multi-Purpose 4-8-4s¿¿¿493
    16.2 Passenger Locomotives¿¿¿504
    16.2.1 Last of the Pacifics¿¿¿504
    16.2.2 Triumph of the Hudsons¿¿¿506
    16.2.3 The Last Mountains¿¿¿509
    16.2.4 Oddities¿¿¿511
    16.2.5 Duplex Drive Locomotives¿¿¿513
    16.3 Freight Locomotives¿¿¿515
    16.3.1 ­Eight-Coupled Locomotives¿¿¿515
    16.3.2 ­Ten-Coupled Locomotives¿¿¿517
    16.3.3 Mallets¿¿¿523
    16.3.4 Duplex Drive Locomotives¿¿¿538
    16.4 Switchers¿¿¿540
    Chapter 17.¿Traction Other Than Steam, 1930-1950¿¿¿543
    17.1 ­Internal Combustion Traction¿¿¿543
    17.2 ­Gas-Turbine Locomotives¿¿¿550
    17.3 Electric Traction¿¿¿552
    Conclusion¿¿¿553
    Appendix A: Thermodynamics and Dimensions¿¿¿555
    Appendix B: Railroad Gazette/Railroad Age Gazette/Railway Age Locomotive Type Articles¿¿¿558
    Appendix C: The Cole Ratios¿¿¿571
    Chapter Notes¿¿¿574
    Bibliography¿¿¿610
    Index¿¿¿612