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Produktbild: Hate

Hate Why We Should Resist It with Free Speech, Not Censorship

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

01.05.2018

Verlag

Oxford Academic

Seitenzahl

232

Maße (L/B/H)

21,8/14,8/2,2 cm

Gewicht

386 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-19-085912-1

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

01.05.2018

Verlag

Oxford Academic

Seitenzahl

232

Maße (L/B/H)

21,8/14,8/2,2 cm

Gewicht

386 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-19-085912-1

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: Hate

    • GLOSSARY

    • INTRODUCTION

    • Distinguishing between vile words and violent conduct

    • U.S. law's appropriate distinction between protected and punishable discriminatory speech

    • More speech, not less

    • CHAPTER 1) Overview

    • "Top 10" conclusions

    • What is "hate speech"?

    • "Hate speech" laws endanger both freedom and equality

    • Campus censorship

    • Why should we specially protect "verbal conduct"?

    • Beyond the First Amendment

    • The U.S. law approach has substantial international support

    • "Hate speech" laws long were opposed by other democracies

    • The anti-democratic enforcement of "hate speech" laws even in democracies

    • Private sector institutions should protect speech

    • Cost-benefit analysis of "hate speech" laws

    • President Obama's opposition to "hate speech" laws

    • Non-censorial alternatives

    • CHAPTER 2) Distinctions between punishable and protected discriminatory speech

    • Under U.S. law, much discriminatory speech may be punished, and all may be condemned

    • The multiple contexts in which discriminatory speech may be outlawed

    • Private sector

    • Government

    • Content-neutral regulations

    • Special-purpose facilities

    • Symbolic endorsement

    • Counterspeech

    • Punishing discriminatory speech under the emergency test

    • True threats

    • Punishable incitement

    • --Punishable fighting words

    • Punishable harassment

    • --Targeted harassment

    • --Hostile environment harassment

    • Facilitating criminal conduct

    • Bias crime

    • Civil lawsuits by private citizens

    • Invasion of privacy

    • Intentional infliction of emotional distress

    • Group defamation claims undermine free speech and equality

    • Constitutionally protected "hate speech"

    • The content neutrality and emergency principles: essential pillars of liberty and equality

    • CHAPTER 3) "Hate speech" laws' inherent vagueness and overbreadth

    • From the frying pan to the fire: too flexible or too rigid

    • One person's hateful, hated speech is another's loving, cherished speech

    • Endangering minority views and speakers

    • Targeting dissent

    • Targeting minority groups

    • Campus "hate speech" codes

    • Social media bans on "hate speech"

    • Current targeting of marginalized views in comparable democracies

    • France: Bob Dylan criminally charged because of a statement in a magazine interview

    • Britain: European Parliament candidate arrested during a campaign speech

    • for quoting Winston Churchill

    • Netherlands: Member of Parliament convicted because of a question he asked at a political rally

    • Denmark: Member of Parliament and three other public figures convicted for criticizing aspects of Islam

    • Sweden: Political party leader convicted for assertion about immigrants' crimes

    • Austria: A citizen's Facebook post criticizing a public official is deemed "hate speech" that Facebook must delete worldwide

    • Many European countries: Christian and Muslim religious leaders charged for quoting their sacred texts

    • The slippery slope

    • CHAPTER 4) Would censoring constitutionally protected "hate speech" reduce its potential harmful impact?

    • Would "hate speech" laws reduce any feared harm?

    • Inevitable underenforcement

    • Targeting only blatant expression

    • Driving some expression underground

    • Incentivizing more palatable speech

    • Increasing attention and support

    • Enforcement frustrations

    • Would "hate speech" laws reduce....

    • ....inter-group hostility?

    • ...retaliatory violence?

    • ...psychic harms?

    • No correlation with reduced discrimination or violence

    • The rise of Nazism in Germany despite "hate speech" laws

    • No inter-country correlation

    • No intra-country correlation

    • Would "hate speech" laws have a positive symbolic value?

    • What potential contribution does constitutionally protected "hate speech" make to the feared harms?

    • Inherently limited contribution

    • Studies about violence and pornography

    • Countless contributory factors

    • Some discriminatory speech does not spur negative psychic reactions

    • "Hate speech" law advocates cite much discriminatory speech that is already punishable

    • Substantial factual changes since the pioneering legal articles advocating "hate speech" laws

    • Increasing counterspeech by disparaged people

    • The cost-benefit analysis so far

    • CHAPTER 5) What non-censorial measures would reduce the feared harmful impact of constitutionally protected "hate speech"?

    • Counterspeech

    • Responsive

    • Proactive

    • Government

    • All of us

    • Online

    • Education

    • Developing thicker and thinner skin

    • Apologies

    • Anti-discrimination laws

    • Monitoring discriminatory violence

    • Improving police interactions with minority communities

    • Proactive outreach and interaction

    • More inclusive campuses

    • Self-restraint and social pressure

    • Self-regulation

    • CHAPTER 6) What are the potential costs of "hate speech" laws?

    • What potential costs to equality and societal harmony?

    • Undermining a mainstay of equal rights movements

    • Deflecting responsibility from people who engage in discriminatory conduct

    • Disempowering disparaged people

    • Diverting us from more effective strategies

    • Undermining constitutional challenges to discriminatory policies

    • What potential costs to free speech and democracy?

    • Freedom of speech's intrinsic and instrumental value

    • Freedom of speech is essential ...

    • ...for individuals to form and express their thoughts

    • ...for individuals to convey their emotions

    • ....for democratic self-government

    • ...for defending all other rights

    • Essential protection of messages that are disfavored or feared to have a general bad tendency

    • Dangers of subjective criteria in speech regulations

    • Speech conveying disfavored ideas may well be self-refuting

    • The appropriate response to disfavored speech is counterspeech

    • Government may not suppress speech...

    • ...to shield unwilling listeners in public places

    • ...to outlaw certain words

    • ...because it is motivated by hate

    • ...because it is hurtful

    • ...due to feared retaliatory violence

    • Government may censor speech in accordance with the emergency principle

    • The comparative risks of freedom and censorship

    • Democratic legitimacy

    • "Hate speech" laws' costs outweigh their benefits

    • CHAPTER 7) Do It Yourself challenge: Try to craft an acceptable "hate speech" law

    • How should a "hate speech" law define the newly punishable subset of what is now constitutionally protected "hate speech"?

    • What personal characteristics should it protect?

    • Should it protect beliefs?

    • Should it bar statements about historical events?

    • If it requires any showing about potential harm...

    • ...what kind of potential harm?

    • ...how likely should it be to materialize?

    • ...how direct and imminent should the connection be between the speech and the potential harm?

    • ...should the potential harm be assessed by a subjective or objective standard?

    • What mental state should be required?

    • Should the speech have to target an individual or small group?

    • Should it extend to speech in private places, and to personal conversations?

    • Should it take into account...

    • ...the identities of the speaker and the disparaged people?

    • ...any other contextual factors?

    • Should it provide any affirmative defenses?

    • Should it exempt speech by public officials or candidates?

    • Should it be criminal or civil?

    • What remedies and penalties should it provide?

    • Should there be any threshold procedural requirements?

    • How have you done?

    • APPEN DIX A: Protected personal characteristics and beliefs under various "hate speech" laws

    • APPENDIX B: Punishable messages under various "hate speech" laws

    • CHAPTER 8) Conclusion: looking back - and forward