Chapter 1. Enhancing the cleanup of environmental pollutants and the role of biological approaches: an introduction.- Chapter 2. Degradation of the dinitrotoluene isomers 2,4 and 2,6-DNT: appraising the role of microorganisms.- Chapter 3. Bioremediation approaches for petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated environments.- Chapter 4. Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-polluted soils at laboratory and field scale: a review of the literature on plants and microorganisms.- Chapter 5. Organic micropollutants in the environment: ecotoxicity potential and methods for remediation.- Chapter 6. The contributions of mycorrhizas in the mineralization of organic contaminants.- Chapter 7. Remediation of mine tailings and fly ash dump sites: role of Poaceae family members and aromatic grasses.- Chapter 8. Bioremediation of sulfide mine tailings: response of different soil fractions.- Chapter 9. Remediation of polluted soils through hyperaccumulator plants.- Chapter 10. Metal bioaccumulation by plants in roadside soils: perspectives for bioindication and phytoremediation.- Chapter 11. Soil quality protection at heavy metal-contaminated manufactured gas plant sites: role of biological remediation.- Chapter 12. Plant physiology processes associated with ´Plant-Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria´ bioassays for the enhance of heavy metals removal.- Chapter 13. Exploiting nitrogen-fixing rhizobial symbionts genetic resources for improving phytoremediation of contaminated soils.- Chapter 14. Environmental bioremediation by biosorption and bioaccumulation: principles and applications.