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Produktbild: Annual Plant Reviews
Band 48

Annual Plant Reviews Volume 48: Phosphorus Metabolism in Plants

Aus der Reihe Annual Plant Reviews

317,99 €

inkl. gesetzl. MwSt., Versandkostenfrei

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

15.06.2015

Herausgeber

William Plaxton + weitere

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

480

Maße (L/B/H)

23,6/15,7/2,5 cm

Gewicht

916 g

Auflage

Volume 48 edition

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-118-95885-8

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

15.06.2015

Herausgeber

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

480

Maße (L/B/H)

23,6/15,7/2,5 cm

Gewicht

916 g

Auflage

Volume 48 edition

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-118-95885-8

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: Annual Plant Reviews
  • List of Contributors xvii

    Preface xxiii

    Section I Introduction

    1 Phosphorus: Back to the Roots 3
    Hans Lambers and William C. Plaxton

    1.1 Introduction 3

    1.2 Phosphorus or phosphorous? 4

    1.3 Phosphorus on a geological time scale 6

    1.4 Phosphorus as an essential, but frequently limiting, soil nutrient for plant productivity 7

    1.5 Soil phosphorus pools 9

    1.6 Soil phosphorus mobility 10

    1.7 Factors determining rates of phosphorus uptake by roots 11

    1.8 Phosphorus-starvation responses: does phosphorus homeostasis exist? 13

    1.9 Concluding remarks 14

    Acknowledgements 15

    References 15

    Section II P-Sensing, Transport, and Metabolism

    2 Sensing, Signalling, and Control of Phosphate Starvation in Plants: Molecular Players and Applications 25
    Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible and Monica Rojas-Triana

    2.1 Introduction 25

    2.2 The plant phosphate-starvation response 26

    2.3 Sensing of phosphate and other macronutrient limitations in plants 29

    2.3.1 Nutrient transporters as sensors/receptors 29

    2.3.2 Local Pi sensing and signalling at the root tip by PDR2/LPR1 31

    2.3.3 Phosphite, a tool to investigate P-sensing/signalling 31

    2.4 Signalling of phosphate limitation 32

    2.4.1 The role of phytohormones 33

    2.4.2 Systemic signalling during P-starvation 37

    2.4.3 Transcriptional regulators involved in P-signalling and affecting P-starvation responses 39

    2.4.4 The role of microRNAs and targeted protein degradation in P-signalling 41

    2.4.5 Additional regulators of P-signalling 43

    2.5 Improving plant P-acquisition and -utilization efficiency: approaches and targets 44

    2.6 Concluding remarks 48

    References 49

    3 'Omics' Approaches Towards Understanding Plant Phosphorus Acquisition and Use 65
    Ping Lan, Wenfeng Li and Wolfgang Schmidt

    3.1 Introduction 66

    3.2 Towards a transcriptomics-derived 'phosphatome' 67

    3.3 Pi deficiency-induced alterations in the proteome 77

    3.4 Core PSR proteins 80

    3.5 Membrane lipid remodelling: insights from the transcriptome, the proteome, and the lipidome 83

    3.6 Genome-wide histone modifications in Pi-deficient plants 86

    3.7 Conclusions and outlook 89

    3.8 Acknowledgements 90

    References 90

    4 The Role of Post-Translational Enzyme Modifications in the Metabolic Adaptations of Phosphorus-Deprived Plants 99
    William C. Plaxton and Michael W. Shane

    4.1 Introduction 100

    4.2 In the beginning there was protein phosphorylation 101

    4.3 Monoubiquitination has emerged as a crucial PTM that interacts with phosphorylation to control the function of diverse proteins 104

    4.4 Post-translational modification of plant phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase by phosphorylation versus
    monoubiquitination 107

    4.4.1 Activation of PEP carboxylase by in-vivo phosphorylation appears to be a universal aspect of
    the plant P-starvation response 107

    4.4.2 PEP carboxylase monoubiquitination: an old dog learns new tricks 109

    4.4.3 Reciprocal control of PEP carboxylase by in-vivo monoubiquitination and phosphorylation in
    developing proteoid roots of P-deficient harsh hakea 111

    4.5 Glycosylation is a sweet PTM of glycoproteins 114

    4.5.1 A pair of AtPAP26 glycoforms is upregulated and secreted by P-deprived Arabidopsis 115

    4.5.2 The AtPAP26-S2 glycoform copurifies with, and appears to interact with, a curculin-like lectin 116

    4.6 Concluding remarks 117

    Acknowledgements 118

    References 119

    5 Phosphate Transporters 125
    Yves Poirier and Ji-Yul Jung

    5.1 Introduction 125

    5.2 The PHT1 transporters 126

    5.2.1 PHT1 structure, activity, and expression patterns 126

    5.3 Control of PHT1 activity 130

    5.3.1 Control of PHT1 transcript levels 130

    5.3.2 Post-transcriptional control of PHT1 133

    5.4 PHO1 and phosphate export 136

    5.4.1 PHO1 structure, activity, and expression patterns 136

    5.4.2 Transcriptional control of PHO1 expression 139

    5.4.3 Post-transcriptional control of PHO1 139

    5.5 Phosphate transporters of organelles 140

    5.5.1 Mitochondrial phosphate transporters 140

    5.5.2 Plastidial phosphate transporters 141

    5.5.3 The role of PHT2 in plastid phosphate transport 143

    5.5.4 The role of PHT4 in plastid phosphate transport 143

    5.6 Phosphate transporters of other organelles 145

    5.6.1 Golgi phosphate transporters 145

    5.6.2 Peroxisomal phosphate transporters 146

    5.6.3 Vacuolar (tonoplast) phosphate transporters 146

    5.7 Concluding remarks 146

    Acknowledgements 147

    References 147

    6 Molecular Components that Drive Phosphorus-Remobilisation During Leaf Senescence 159
    Aaron P. Smith, Elena B. Fontenot, Sara Zahraeifard and Sandra Feuer DiTusa

    6.1 Introduction 159

    6.2 Transcriptomes of senescence and phosphate-deficiency 160

    6.3 Major biochemical components that mediate P-remobilisation during leaf senescence 162

    6.3.1 Nucleases 163

    6.3.2 Phosphatases 166

    6.3.3 Lipid-remodelling enzymes 168

    6.3.4 Pi transporters 169

    6.4 Regulatory and signalling components of senescing leaves 170

    6.4.1 Transcription factors 170

    6.4.2 The SPX superfamily 173

    6.4.3 Ubiquitination components and miRNAs 174

    6.5 Role of hormones during leaf senescence 175

    6.5.1 Ethylene and strigolactones 175

    6.5.2 Abscisic acid 176

    6.5.3 Cytokinins 176

    6.6 Concluding remarks 176

    Acknowledgements 177

    References 177

    7 Interactions Between Nitrogen and Phosphorus Metabolism 187
    John A. Raven

    7.1 Introduction 188

    7.2 Roles of N and P in plants and the extent to which compounds containing N or P can be substituted by compounds lacking N or P 188

    7.3 Variability in the N:P ratio in plants and its metabolic and ecological significance 195

    7.3.1 Fixed N:P ratios: the role of compounds containing both N and P 195

    7.3.2 Protein:RNA ratio, organism N:P ratio, the Growth Rate Hypothesis 197

    7.3.3 Organism N and P concentration as a function of external supply of N and P 200

    7.3.4 Conclusions 201

    7.4 Interactions in N and P acquisition and assimilation 201

    7.4.1 Structures involved in acquisition of N and P 202

    7.4.2 Secretion of enzymes and organic anions facilitates root N and P acquisition 204

    7.5 Protein synthesis and protein degradation during P-deprivation: significance for N-P interaction 207

    7.6 General conclusions 207

    Acknowledgements 208

    References 208

    Section III P-deprivation Responses

    8 Metabolomics of Plant Phosphorus-Starvation Response 217
    Chris Jones, Jean-Hugues Hatier, Mingshu Cao, Karl Fraser and Susanne Rasmussen

    8.1 Introduction 218

    8.2 Metabolomic approaches 219

    8.3 Metabolomic analysis platforms 220

    8.4 Data analysis 222

    8.5 Metabolomics strategies directed at dissecting responses to P starvation 223

    8.6 Opportunities for metabolomics to contribute to the development of P-efficient crops 229

    8.7 Future prospects 230

    Acknowledgements 231

    References 231

    9 Membrane Remodelling in Phosphorus-Deficient Plants 237
    Meike Siebers, Peter Dörmann and Georg Hölzl

    9.1 Introduction 237

    9.2 Membrane lipid remodelling during phosphate deprivation 238

    9.3 Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) 242

    9.4 Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) 243

    9.5 Sulfolipid (SQDG) and glucuronosyldiacylglycerol (GlcADG) 247

    9.6 Phospholipid degradation by phospholipase D and phosphatidate phosphatase 248

    9.7 Phospholipase C (PLC) 249

    9.8 Acyl hydrolases 250

    9.9 Lipid trafficking under phosphate starvation 250

    9.10 Glucosylceramide, sterol glucoside, and acylated sterol glucoside 253

    9.11 The role of auxin in remodelling of membrane lipid composition 254

    9.12 Improved Pi status by symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 255

    9.13 Outlook 255

    References 256

    10 The Role of Intracellular and Secreted Purple Acid Phosphatases in Plant Phosphorus Scavenging and Recycling 265
    Jiang Tian and Hong Liao

    10.1 Introduction 266

    10.2 Bioinformatics and structural analysis of plant PAPs 266

    10.2.1 PAP bioinformatics 266

    10.2.2 Structural biochemistry of plant PAPs 269

    10.3 Biochemical characterisation of plant PAPs 269

    10.4 Diverse subcellular localisation of plant PAPs 271

    10.5 Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of PAP expression by P availability 275

    10.5.1 Complex signal transduction pathways integrate nutritional P status with PAP expression 276

    10.5.2 Post-translational PAP modification 277

    10.6 Functional analysis of PAPs involved in P mobilization and utilisation 278

    10.7 Perspectives 281

    Acknowledgements 282

    References 282

    11 Metabolic Adaptations of the Non-Mycotrophic Proteaceae to Soils With Low Phosphorus Availability 289
    Hans Lambers, Peta L. Clode, Heidi-Jayne Hawkins, Etienne Laliberté, Rafael S. Oliveira, Paul Reddell, Michael W. Shane, Mark Stitt and Peter Weston

    11.1 Introduction 290

    11.2 Phosphorus nutrition of Proteaceae, with a focus on south-western Australia 291

    11.2.1 Phosphorus acquisition by non-mycorrhizal roots: cluster roots 291

    11.2.2 Proteaceae species that do not produce cluster roots 298

    11.2.3 Phosphorus toxicity 299

    11.2.4 High rates of photosynthesis despite low leaf P concentrations 300

    11.2.5 Leaf longevity 307

    11.2.6 Delayed greening 308

    11.2.7 Efficient and proficient P remobilisation from senescing organs 310

    11.2.8 Seed Preserves 311

    11.3 Comparison of species of Proteaceae in south-western Australia with species elsewhere 312

    11.3.1 The Cape Floristic Region in South Africa 312

    11.3.2 Eastern Australia 314

    11.3.3 Southern South America 316

    11.3.4 Brazil 317

    11.4 Perspectives 318

    Acknowledgements 323

    References 323

    12 Algae in a Phosphorus-Limited Landscape 337
    Arthur R. Grossman and Munevver Aksoy

    12.1 Introduction 338

    12.2 P-deprivation responses of green algae and vascular plants 339

    12.2.1 Phosphatases 342

    12.2.2 Nucleases 346

    12.2.3 Pi transport 348

    12.2.4 Polyphosphates 350

    12.2.5 Phospholipids 351

    12.3 Control of P deprivation responses 353

    12.3.1 PSR1-dependent gene expression in P-starved algae 356

    12.3.2 Low-phosphate bleaching mutants 358

    12.4 Future prospects 359

    Acknowledgements 360

    References 360

    Section IV Significance of Plant-Microbe Interactions for P-Acquisition and Metabolism

    13 Impact of Roots, Microorganisms and Microfauna on the Fate of Soil Phosphorus in the Rhizosphere 377
    Philippe Hinsinger, Laetitia Herrmann, Didier Lesueur, Agnès Robin, Jean Trap, Kittima Waithaisong and Claude Plassard

    13.1 Introduction 378

    13.2 Spatial extension of the rhizosphere 378

    13.2.1 Root architecture and growth 379

    13.2.2 Root hairs and mycorrhizas 380

    13.2.3 Root growth-promoting effect of rhizosphere biota 381

    13.3 Mobilisation of inorganic P in the rhizosphere 385

    13.3.1 Effect of rhizosphere pH changes 385

    13.3.2 Effect of exudation of carboxylates 387

    13.4 Mobilisation of organic P in the rhizosphere 389

    13.4.1 Effects of phosphatases 390

    13.4.2 Effects of phytases 391

    13.5 Microbial P, microbial loop, and P recycling in the rhizosphere 393

    13.5.1 Abiotic processes 393

    13.5.2 Biotic processes 394

    13.6 Conclusions and future prospects 397

    References 398

    14 Mycorrhizal Associations and Phosphorus Acquisition: From Cells to Ecosystems 409
    Sally E. Smith, Ian C. Anderson and F. Andrew Smith

    14.1 Introduction 410

    14.2 Arbuscular mycorrhizas 413

    14.2.1 Establishment of the symbiosis 413

    14.2.2 Specialised AM interfaces in soil and roots are critical for P uptake 413

    14.2.3 The AM pathway in plant P nutrition 416

    14.2.4 The 'mutualism-parasitism' continuum 417

    14.2.5 Some higher-scale issues in AM symbiosis 418

    14.2.6 Significance of AM symbioses in agriculture and horticulture 419

    14.3 Ectomycorrhizas 421

    14.3.1 Establishment of the symbiosis 421

    14.3.2 Roles of ectomycorrhizas in plant P nutrition 422

    14.3.3 ECM phosphate transporters 423

    14.3.4 Solubilisation of inorganic phosphates by ECM fungi 425

    14.3.5 Mobilisation of organic-P sources by ECM fungi 426

    14.3.6 ECM symbioses and forest tree P nutrition: future challenges 428

    14.4 Conclusions 429

    References 430

    Index 441