I. Spine and Spinal Deformity in Growth and Aging.- The Optimization of Spinal Arthrodesis.- Spinal Rotation in Congenital Scoliosis.- Diagnosis and Treatment of Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome.- Intermittent Claudication Due to Low Back Pain.- Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Pedicle Screws in the Treatment of Lytic and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis.- Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation in Trauma, Metastatic Tumor, and Degenerative Spine Disease.- Surgical Indication, Procedure, and Method of Postoperative Evaluation for Spinal Metastasis.- Follow-Up Study of Modified Luque Instrument (G-Rod) for Spinal Trauma.- Hyperthermia and Spinal Cord — An Experimental Study.- II. Biomechanics of Spine in Growth and Aging.- An Overview: Spinal Tissue Vital Biomechanics for Clinicians.- Morphological Changes and Stress Redistribution in Osteoporotic Spine.- Bone Density, Distribution, and Estimated Strength.- Stress Analysis of the Lumbar Spine Using the Finite Element Model.- A New Biomechanical Analysis of the Degenerative Spine.- Fracture Mechanism and Acoustic Emission of the Osteoporotic Vertebral Body.- III. Bone Mineral Measurement.- Bone Densitometry in Research and Practice.- Influence of Bone Mineral Density on the Mechanical Stability of Transpedicle Screwing.- The Most Specific Skeletal Site for DEXA Measurement in Diagnosis of Established Osteoporosis.- Bone Volume Measurement of Lumbar Spine by DEXA in One-Bound Volleyball Players.- Changes of Bone Mineral Content of Lumbar Spine in Osteoporotic Patients Treated with Vitamin D and Calcitonin.- IV. Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Ossification and Degenerative Spine.- Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament — Hereditary Investigations.- Role of Type XI Collagen in Development of Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Spine.- Evaluation of Bone Mineral Densities in Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry.- Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum and Disc Degeneration.- Relationship Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Results of Decompression Surgery for Cervical Myelopathy.- Expansive Open-Door Laminoplasty with Reconstruction of Spinous Process.- Diagnostic Validity of MRI in Lumbar Herniated Intervertebral Disc.- Anterior Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis.- Sagittal Splitting Laminoplasty for Spinal and Spinal Cord Surgery.- V. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Paraplegia Caused by Nonunion After Fracture of Osteoporotic Spine.- Occipito-Cervical Fusion in Rheumatoid Cervical Spine.- Posterior Fusion of the Cervical Spine in Rheumatoid Arthritis.- VI. Appendicular Manifestations of Spinal Disorders.- Problems in Functional Reconstruction of a Myelopathy Hand.- Ulnar Nerve Palsy in Elderly Patients.- Operative Treatment for Vertebral Fracture in Osteoporotic Patients.- Key Word Index.