1 Automation Through Energy Management and Control Systems — Where We Stand Today.- EMCS Industry and Market Overview.- Current Issues.- Education and Training.- User Satisfaction, Cost Savings, and Other Benefits.- Controls Standardization.- Design Integration.- Emerging Issues.- Trend to Electronic Local Loop Controls.- Increasing Complexity of Control Strategies.- Market Absorption of Innovation.- Utility and Communitywide Energy Monitoring and Control.- 2 10 Reasons Why Some Automation (EMC) Systems Do Not Meet Their Performance Goals.- 3 The First Step to a Successful EMC System: Develop an Initial Energy Management Plan.- The Initial Energy Management Plan.- Select Buildings to Be Studied.- Retaining a Consultant.- Conducting an Energy Audit.- Determine Energy Savings.- Consultant’s Report.- Prioritize ECOs.- Finalize and Implement the Initial Plan.- 4 The Second Step: Develop and Implement the Final Energy Management Plan.- First Part.- Perform an EMC Systems Analysis.- Three Levels of EMC Systems.- Implement the Final Plan.- 5 Level I EMC System: Multifunction Supervisory and Demand Controllers.- Supervisory Load Controller.- Optimal Start/Stop Controller.- Demand Controller.- 6 Level II EMC System: Central Monitoring and Control System.- 7 Level III Automation System Technology.- Hardware Types.- Function Categories.- Computer.- Peripheral Devices.- Field Equipment.- Distributed Processing.- Data Transmission Links.- Software.- 8 Level III EMCS Hardware.- Computer Technology.- Peripherals.- Field Equipment.- Software.- Miscellaneous Cost Issues.- System Architecture.- 9 EMC System Functions and Applications.- Basic Functions.- Optimizing Functions.- Operational Functions.- Other Functions.- System and Equipment Applications.- 10 Direct Digital Control.-Definitions.- Benefits of DDC.- “Adaptive” DDC Control.- 11 EMCS Communications and Standardization.- DDC Interface Process.- 12 Designing a Level III EMC System.- Basic Selection Criteria.- Technology Issues.- Drawings.- 13 Specifying a Level III EMC System.- Major Specification Concerns.- Sample Specifications.- Detailed Specifications.- 14 EMC System Procurement, Installation, Fine-Tuning and Maintenance.- Obtaining Bids.- Contractor Selection.- Post Award Review.- Shop Drawing Review.- On-Site Debugging.- Fine-Tuning and Long-Term Considerations.- System Documentation.- System Maintenance.- 15 Tips on EMCS Specification, Vendor Selection, Operation.- Specifications.- Software.- Point Selection.- Configuration and Hardware.- Selecting a Vendor.- Installation.- Operation and Maintenance.- 16 Training the EMC System Staff.- 17 EMCS Program Management.- Program Management Components.- Program Management Functions.- 18 EMC System Guidelines for New Buildings.- 19 Life Cycle Costing.- Using the Payback Period Method.- Using Life Cycle Costing.- The Time Value of Money.- Investment Decision-Making.- Making Decisions for Alternate Investments.- Depreciation, Taxes, and the Tax Credit.- Life Cycle Cost Analysis Optimization.- 20 Case Study 1: Computing EMC System Energy Savings for a New Commercial Building.- 21 Case Study 2: Energy Management and Control Systems in Supermarkets.- 22 Case Study 3: Energy Management and Control Systems at Princeton University.- 23 Case Study 4: Automation @@@ Shedding a Little Light on Building Security.- Appendix A — Software Dictionary.- Appendix B — Abbreviations.- Appendix C — Suppliers of Energy Management Systems—Building Controls and Automation.