Analysis of the Sponge [Porifera] Gene Repertoire: Implications for the Evolution of the Metazoan Body Plan.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Sponges.- 3 Adhesion Between Cells.- 4 Growth and Differentiation.- 5 Migration of Cells — Contraction in Cell Layers.- 6 Elements of a Neuronal Network.- 7 Secretion of Skeletal Elements.- 8 Morphogens.- 9 Apoptosis.- 10 Conclusion: Contribution to the Origin of the Metazoan Body Plan.- References.- Sponge-Associated Bacteria: General Overview and Special Aspects of Bacteria Associated with Halichondria panicea.- 1 Introduction.- 2 General Considerations.- 3 Bacteria Associated with Halichondria panicea.- 4 Conclusions.- References.- Microbial Diversity of Marine Sponges.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Sponge—Microbe Associations.- 3 Tools of Molecular Microbial Ecology.- 4 A Uniform Microbial Community in Sponges from Different Oceans.- 5 Biotechnological Potential of Sponge-Associated Microorganisms.- 6 Conclusions and Future Directions.- References.- Full Absolute Stereo structures of Natural Products Directly from Crude Extracts: the HPLC-MS/MS-NMR-CD ‘Triad’.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Exemplarily for Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids: Constitutions and Relative Configurations by LC-MS/MS-NMR.- 3 Complemented by the LC-CD Option for the Online Assignment of Absolute Configurations: the Triad Is Complete!.- 4 Application of the Triad to the Online Structural Elucidation of New Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids and Related Compounds.- 5 An Application to Natural Phenylanthraquinones — Including Quantum Chemical CD Calculations and Total Synthesis.- 6 Stereochemistry of Axially Chiral Biscarbazoles in Plant Extracts, by LC-CD Coupling and CD Calculations.- 7 Without (True) Stereogenic Axes or Centers, but Chiral: a Bis-Bibenzyl Macrocycle.- 8 First Timein Marine Natural Products Analysis: the Analytical Triad HPLC-MS/MS-NMR-CD.- 9 Conclusions.- References.- Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Invertebrates and Associated Fungi.- 1 Introduction: Some Current Issues of Marine Natural Products Research.- 2 Ecological Functions of Sponge Alkaloids.- 3 Pharmacologically Active Constituents from Marine Invertebrates.- 4 Sponge-Associated Fungi as a New Source for Bioactive Metabolites.- 5 Conclusions.- References.- Sustainable Use of Marine Resources: Cultivation of Sponges.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Situ Cultivation of Bath Sponges.- 3 Sponge Farming.- 4 Ex Situ Maintenance of Sponges in Aquaria.- 5 In Vitro Cultivation of Sponges.- 6 Conclusions and Future Directions.- References.- Sustainable Production of Bioactive Compounds from Sponges: Primmorphs as Bioreactors.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Origin of Biologically Active Compounds from Sponges.- 3 Biologically Active Compounds from S. domuncula.- 4 The Primmorph System.- 5 Production of Bioactive Compounds in the Primmorph System.- 6 Future Directions.- 7 Conclusions.- References.- Approaches for a Sustainable Use of the Bioactive Potential in Sponges: Analysis of Gene Clusters, Differential Display of mRNA and DNA Chips.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Genome of Porifera.- 3 Nonrandom Distribution of Dinucleotide Repeats.- 4 Burst of Gene Duplication.- 5 Approaches to Identify Genes Involved in the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- Sorbicillactone A: a Structurally Unprecedented Bioactive Novel-Type Alkaloid from a Sponge-Derived Fungus.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Isolation and Cultivation of the Fungus.- 3 Online Analysis of the Extract by the Triad LC-MS/MS-NMR-CD: Hints at a Novel Structural Type.- 4 Isolation of the New Compound and Completion of the Structural Elucidation.- 5 Sorbicillactone A: a Unique, Novel-Type Structure and Its Presumable Biosynthetic Origin.- 6 Sorbicillactone A: a Natural Product with Strong — and Selective — Bioactivities.- 7 Summary and Future Perspectives.- References.