Introductory observations Pierre-Marie Dupuy and Jorge E. Viñuales; Part I. Protecting the Environment in the XXI Century: The Role of the Private Sector: 1. International Environmental Law: looking at the past to shape the future Pierre-Marie Dupuy; 2. The private sector and the challenge of implementation Francesco Francioni; 3. The political environment of environmental law Urs Luterbacher; 4. The applicability of international environmental law to private enterprises Sandrine Maljean-Dubois and Vanessa Richard; 5. Economics of green economies: investment in green growth and how it works Timothy Swanson and Shaun Larcom; Part II. Foreign Investment and Environmental Protection: Incentives: 6. Key instruments of private environmental finance: funds, project finance and market mechanisms Magnus Jesko Langer; 7. The potential of international climate change law to mobilise low-carbon foreign direct investment Daniel M. Firger; 8. Channelling investment into biodiversity conservation: ABS and PES schemes Riccardo Pavoni; 9. The role of insurance risk transfer in encouraging climate investment in developing countries Swenja Surminski; 10. Trade-related incentives: the international negotiations over environmental goods and services Konstantina Athanasakou; Part III. Foreign Investment and Environmental Protection: Safeguards: 11. The environmental regulation of foreign investment schemes under international law Jorge E. Viñuales; 12. From corporate social responsibility to accountability mechanisms Elisa Morgera; 13. Beyond law as tools: foreign investment projects and the contractualisation of environmental protection Natasha Affolder; 14. Socially responsible investing through voluntary codes Benjamin J. Richardson; 15. The enforcement of environmental norms in investment treaty arbitration Zachary Douglas; Concluding observations Pierre-Marie Dupuy and Jorge E. Viñuales.