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  • Produktbild: Population Biology
  • Produktbild: Population Biology

Population Biology Ecological and Evolutionary Viewpoints

99,99 €

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

16.12.2011

Herausgeber

K. Wöhrmann + weitere

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

456

Maße (L/B/H)

23,5/15,5/2,6 cm

Gewicht

690 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1990

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-74476-1

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

16.12.2011

Herausgeber

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

456

Maße (L/B/H)

23,5/15,5/2,6 cm

Gewicht

690 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1990

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-74476-1

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: Population Biology
  • Produktbild: Population Biology
  • 1 Genetic Variation: Prerequisite and Consequence of Evolution.- DNA, the Basis of Inheritance.- Factors Causing Variation in DNA.- Population Genetic Consequences of Transposable Elements.- Evolution of Genome Size.- Gene Families.- Polyploidy.- Gene Activity.- Gene Regulation.- Neutrality.- Gene Interaction.- Recombination.- Phenotype-Genotype Transformation and the Role of Polygenic Analyses of Variation.- 2 Natural Selection: Measures and Modes.- Differential Survival of Zygotes.- Differential Fertility of Adults.- Deviations from Random Mating.- Sexual Selection and Nonrandom Mating.- The Estimation of Fitness Values.- Selection with Overlapping Generations.- Fitness Maximization.- Selection and the Biotic Environment.- 3 Mating Systems and Evolutionary Genetics.- Direct Estimation of the Mating System.- Inbreeding Other than Self-Fertilization.- Variation in Pollen Allele Frequencies.- One-Pollen Parent and Committed-Mating Models.- Selection Before Determination of Progeny Genotype.- Population Genetic Consequences of the Mating System.- Equilibrium Inbreeding.- Selection.- Association of Fitness and Heterozygosity.- Spatial Variation in Selection, Gene Flow, and Inbreeding.- Two-Locus Inbreeding Equilibrium.- Two-Locus Selection.- Genetic Hitchhiking.- Factors Affecting the Mating System.- Environmental Variation in the Mating System.- Genetic Factors Affecting the Mating System.- Overview.- 4 Population Structure and Process in Evolution.- Evolution and Population Structure.- Population Structure with Strictly Neutral Genetic Variation.- Migration and Drift: The Island Model.- The Diffusion Approximation.- Isolation by Distance and Neighborhood Size.- Stepping Stone Models.- Statistical Measures of Population Structure.- Inferences from Rare Alleles.- Empirical Studies of Population Structure.- Natural Selection and Population Subdivision.- Within-Population Effects.- Geographic Subdivision.- Group Selection, Kin Selection and the “Shifting Balance”.- 5 Genetic Diversity and the Ecology of Asexual Populations.- Asexual Modes of Reproduction.- Genotypic Diversity in Asexual Populations.- Spontaneous Origins.- Hybrid Origins.- Mutation and Muller’s Ratchet.- Polyploidy.- Recombination.- Heterozygosity.- Phenotypic Variation.- The Ecology of Clones.- Sperm Dependence.- Colonization Abilities and Geographic Parthenogenesis.- Weedy Species.- Hybridization and Ecological Intermediacy.- General-Purpose Genotypes.- Frozen-Niche Variation and the Tangled Bank.- The Red Queen Hypothesis.- Summary and Conclusions.- 6 Variation and Selection in Plant Populations.- Spatial Patterns of Variation.- Genetic Variation in Breeding Systems.- Some Crop Examples.- Evolution of Inbreeders.- Breeding Systems and Variation Surveys in Limnanthes spp.- Variation in Different Species Groups.- Genetic Structure in Colonizing Species.- Genetic Variation in Patchily Distributed Species.- Variation in Inbreeding Species.- Variation Under Domestication.- Rare Versus Common Species.- Variation in Hybrid Swarms: Evidence for Introgression.- Genetic Variation in a Highly Localized Context.- Molecular and Morphological Variation.- Kinds and Intensities of Natural Selection.- Variation and Evolution of Life Histories.- Breeding Systems vs Life Histories.- Variation, Selection, and Adaptation.- Concluding Remarks.- 7 Patterns of Species Divergence and Genetic Theories of Speciation.- The Problem of Species Formation.- The Genetic Problem of Species Formation.- The Ecological Problem of Speciation.- Theoretical Models of Speciation.- Genetic Structure of Species.- The Approach.- Levels of Genetic Variation Within Populations.- Patterns of Genetic Variation Between Populations.- Some Macroscopic Features of Genic Diversity in Drosophila.- Genetic Divergence Between Species.- Measures of Genetic Divergence.- Patterns of Genetic Divergence Between Species and Higher Taxa.- Levels of Genetic Differentiation During the Early Stages of Speciation.- Evolutionary Constraints on Species Divergence.- The Nature of Genetic Variation and Theories of Speciation.- Genetic Models of Speciation.- Molecular Mechanisms of Speciation.- Genetic Mechanisms of Speciation in Plants vs. Animals.- Speciation, Adaptation, and Macroevolution.- New Directions.- Measuring Genetic Variation: a Change in Emphasis from “How much?” to “What Kind?”.- A New Genetic Model of Speciation.- Some Macroevolutionary Consequences of the Model.- Conclusions.- 8 The Evolution of Life Histories.- The Ecological and Demographic Background.- Life Tables, Age Structure, and Population Growth.- r-K Selection and Bet Hedging.- Reproductive Investment and Lifespan.- The Genetics of Life Histories.- Quantitative Genetics and Its Experimental Designs.- Quantitative Genetic Life History Models.- Genetical Analysis.- Environmental Complications.- Maternal Effects.- Genotype-Environment Correlations and Interactions.- Plasticity and Conditional Life Histories.- Discussion: The Genetical Ecology of Life Histories.- 9 The Methods of Genetical Ecology Applied to the Study of Evolutionary Change.- What Do Geneticists Study?.- Phenocopies and Gene Action.- Quantitative Genetics in Heterogeneous Environments.- Some Basic Concepts.- Quantitative Traits.- Studying Selection Is Counting.- Are the Environmental Conditions Unchanged?.- At What Rate Is the Genetic Variation Depleted?.- Selection on Pleiotropic Effects.- Appropriate Time-Scales.- Resemblance Between Relatives.- Measuring the Genetic Variance.- Problems in Natural Populations.- Bill Measurements in the Great Tit as an Example.- The Dynamics of Heritability Estimates.- Recommendations.- Genotype-Environment Interactions.- Migratory Behavior in Blackcaps.- Reproductive Effort in Ural Owls.- Quantitative Genetics Methods Used for Ecological Questions.- Discussion.- Evolutionary Biology Is Not For Specialists.- Evolution and Society.- Conclusions.- 10 In Search of Optima: Equilibrium Models of Phenotypic Evolution.- An Introductory Example.- Aim and Structure of Models.- Optimization Models in Evolutionary Biology.- Life History Problems.- Analysis of Feeding Strategies.- Various Problems in Behavioral Ecology.- Biomechanics and Physiology.- The Value, Problems, and Future of Optimization Models.- 11 Coevolution at Two Trophic Levels.- Coevolution in Action.- Myxomatosis.- Mimetic Coevolution.- Indirect Evidence: Phylogenetic and Fossil.- Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions.- Crop and Pathogenic Fungi.- Plants and Insects.- Mathematical Models.- Prokaryotic Systems.- A Model in Ecological Population Genetics.- 12 Evolution and Competition.- Density Regulation and Intraspecific Competition.- Intraspecific and Interspecific Competition.- The Role of Parameters in Population Growth Models.- Exploitative Competition for Discrete Biotic Resources.- Exploitative Competition in a Spectrum of Biotic Resources.- Genotypic Variation in Resource Use.- Evolution of Exploitative Competition.- Symmetric Competition.- Polymorphism and Exploitative Competition.- Invasion and the Build-Up of Competitive Guilds.- 13 Evolution and Mutualism.- Population Dynamics.- Myrmecochory, Seed Predation, and Competition.- The Evolution of Mutualism.- Epilog.- References.