Preface for Instructors x
Acknowledgments xii
Source Acknowledgments xiii
General Introduction 1
Theorizing about Ethics 3
Reading Philosophy 11
Writing a Philosophy Paper [N] 15
Part I Ethical Theory 23
Ethical Theory 25
1 Consequentialism [NR] 28
William H. Shaw
2 Deontology [W] 37
David McNaughton and Piers Rawling
3 Rights [NW] 49
George W. Rainbolt
4 Virtue Theory [W] 60
Rosalind Hursthouse
Part II Life and Death 71
Euthanasia 73
5 Rule-Utilitarianism and Euthanasia [W] 76
Brad Hooker
6 Justifying Physician-Assisted Deaths [W] 85
Tom L. Beauchamp
7 Against the Right to Die [R] 92
J. David Velleman
8 Dying at the Right Time: Reflections on (Un)Assisted Suicide [W] 101
John Hardwig
9 A Duty to Care Revisited [R] 112
Felicia Cohn and Joanne Lynn
Abortion 121
10 A Defense of Abortion 124
Judith Jarvis Thomson
11 On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion [R] 132
Mary Anne Warren
12 An Argument that Abortion is Wrong [W] 141
Don Marquis
13 The Moral Permissibility of Abortion 151
Margaret Olivia Little
14 Virtue Theory and Abortion [R] 160
Rosalind Hursthouse
Animals 169
15 All Animals are Equal 172
Peter Singer
16 Moral Standing, the Value of Lives, and Speciesism 181
R. G. Frey
17 The Case for Animal Rights 192
Tom Regan
18 The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research [N] 198
Carl Cohen
19 Why Cohen is Mistaken [NR] 204
Hugh LaFollette
Part III The Personal Life 215
Family and Sexuality 217
20 What Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents? 219
Jane English
21 Morality, Parents, and Children 223
James Rachels
22 Missing Staircases and the Marriage Debate: Is Same-Sex Marriage Bad for Children? [NR] 233
John Corvino
23 What Is Marriage For? Children Need Mothers and Fathers [N] 239
Maggie Gallagher
Biomedical Technologies 245
24 Artificial Means of Reproduction and Our Understanding of the Family 247
Ruth Macklin
25 Is Women's Labor a Commodity? 255
Elizabeth S. Anderson
26 "Goodbye Dolly?" The Ethics of Human Cloning 265
John Harris
27 The Wisdom of Repugnance: Why We Should Ban the Cloning of Humans 274
Leon R. Kass
28 Cognitive Enhancement 283
Allen Buchanan and David R. Crawford [NW]
Part IV Liberty and Equality 291
Paternalism and Risk 293
29 Freedom of Action 295
John Stuart Mill
30 On Improving People by Political Means 299
Lester H. Hunt
31 Against the Legalization of Drugs 309
James Q. Wilson
32 Why We Should Decriminalize Drug Use [R] 314
Douglas Husak
33 The Liberal Basis of the Right to Bear Arms [R] 323
Todd C. Hughes and Lester H. Hunt
34 Gun Control 334
Hugh LaFollette
Free Speech 346
35 Freedom of Thought and Discussion 348
John Stuart Mill
36 "The Price We Pay?" Pornography and Harm [R] 352
Susan J. Brison
37 The Right to Get Turned On: Pornography, Autonomy, Equality 361
Andrew Altman
38 Sticks and Stones [W] 370
John Arthur
39 Speech Codes and Expressive Harm [W] 381
Andrew Altman
Sexual and Racial Discrimination 389
40 Racism 392
Michele Moody-Adams
41 Servility and Self-Respect 401
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
42 Sexual Harassment 407
Anita M. Superson
43 Date Rape 415
Lois Pineau
44 Men in Groups: Collective Responsibility for Rape [R] 422
Larry May and Robert Strikwerda
Affirmative Action 431
45 The Case against Affirmative Action [R] 433
Louis P. Pojman
46 The Rights of Allan Bakke 443
Ronald Dworkin
47 Affirmative Action as Equalizing Opportunity: Challenging the Myth of "Preferential Treatment" [W] 449
Luke Charles Harris and Uma Narayan
Part V Justice 461
Punishment 463
48 Punishment and Desert [W] 466
James Rachels
49 Out of Character: On the Psychology of Excuses in the Criminal Law [W] 474
John M. Doris
50 Does Punishment Work? [W] 484
John Paul Wright, Francis T. Cullen, and Kevin M. Beaver
51 In Defense of the Death Penalty 494
Louis P. Pojman
52 Against the Death Penalty 503
Jeffrey Reiman
Economic Justice 510
53 A Theory of Justice 513
John Rawls
54 The Entitlement Theory of Justice 524
Robert Nozick
55 Displacing the Distributive Paradigm 535
Iris Marion Young
56 Economic Competition: Should We Care about the Losers? [W] 545
Jonathan Wolff
World Hunger 552
57 Famine, Affluence, and Morality 554
Peter Singer
58 Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral Code [W] 563
John Arthur
59 Eradicating Systemic Poverty: Brief for a Global Resources Dividend [R] 571
Thomas W. Pogge
60 Feeding People versus Saving Nature [R] 583
Holmes Rolston III
Environment 592
61 The Value of Nature [NW] 594
Ronald Sandler
62 A Place for Cost-Benefit Analysis [R] 602
David Schmidtz
63 Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments 611
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
64 A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Moral Corruption [NR] 620
Stephen M. Gardiner
War, Terrorism, and Reconciliation 631
65 Is the War on Terrorism a Defense of Civilization? [N] 634
Stephen Nathanson
66 Just War Doctrine and the Military Response to Terrorism [R] 640
Joseph Boyle
67 Nipping Evil in the Bud: The Questionable Ethics of Preventive Force [W] 649
Douglas P. Lackey
68 The Justifiability of Humanitarian Intervention [R] 658
Charles R. Beitz
69 Pacifism: Reclaiming the Moral Presumption [W] 666
William J. Hawk
70 Political Reconciliation [NR] 675
Colleen Murphy
