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Produktbild: Evaluation of HSDPA and LTE

Evaluation of HSDPA and LTE From Testbed Measurements to System Level Performance

159,99 €

inkl. gesetzl. MwSt., Versandkostenfrei

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

12.12.2011

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

404

Maße (L/B/H)

25,9/17,7/2,5 cm

Gewicht

748 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-470-71192-7

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

12.12.2011

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

404

Maße (L/B/H)

25,9/17,7/2,5 cm

Gewicht

748 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-470-71192-7

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: Evaluation of HSDPA and LTE
  • About the Authors xiii

    About the Contributors xv

    Preface xvii

    Acknowledgments xxiii

    List of Abbreviations xxv

    Part I CELLULAR WIRELESS STANDARDS

    Introduction 3

    References 4

    1 UMTS High-Speed Downlink Packet Access 5

    1.1 Standardization and Current Deployment of HSDPA 5

    1.2 HSDPA Principles 6

    1.2.1 Network Architecture 7

    1.2.2 Physical Layer 9

    1.2.3 MAC Layer 13

    1.2.4 Radio Resource Management 14

    1.2.5 Quality of Service Management 16

    1.3 MIMO Enhancements of HSDPA 17

    1.3.1 Physical Layer Changes for MIMO 19

    1.3.2 Precoding 21

    1.3.3 MAC Layer Changes for MIMO 25

    1.3.4 Simplifications of the Core Network 26

    References 26

    2 UMTS Long-Term Evolution 29

    Contributed by Josep Colom Ikuno

    2.1 LTE Overview 29

    2.1.1 Requirements 29

    2.2 Network Architecture 31

    2.3 LTE Physical Layer 33

    2.3.1 LTE Frame Structure 34

    2.3.2 Reference and Synchronization Symbols 36

    2.3.3 MIMO Transmission 37

    2.3.4 Modulation and Layer Mapping 39

    2.3.5 Channel Coding 41

    2.3.6 Channel Adaptive Feedback 45

    2.4 MAC Layer 46

    2.4.1 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request 46

    2.4.2 Scheduling 47

    2.5 Physical, Transport, and Logical Channels 48

    References 51

    Part II TESTBEDS FOR MEASUREMENTS

    Introduction 57

    Reference 58

    3 On Building Testbeds 59

    3.1 Basic Idea 60

    3.2 Transmitter 61

    3.3 Receiver 63

    3.4 Synchronization 65

    3.5 Possible Pitfalls 67

    3.5.1 Digital Baseband Hardware 67

    3.5.2 Tool and Component Selection 68

    3.5.3 Analog RF Front Ends 69

    3.5.4 Cost 70

    3.5.5 Matlab(r) Code and Testbeds 70

    3.6 Summary 71

    References 72

    4 Quasi-Real-Time Testbedding 75

    4.1 Basic Idea 75

    4.2 Problem Formulation 77

    4.3 Employing the Basic Idea 78

    4.4 Data Collection 80

    4.4.1 More Sophisticated Sampling Techniques 81

    4.4.2 Variance Reduction Techniques 84

    4.4.3 Bias 85

    4.4.4 Outliers 86

    4.4.5 Parameter Estimation 87

    4.5 Evaluating and Summarizing the Data 88

    4.6 Statistical Inference 90

    4.6.1 Inferring the Population Mean 90

    4.6.2 Precision and Sample Size 91

    4.6.3 Reproducibility and Repeatability 92

    4.7 Measurement Automation 95

    4.8 Dealing with Feedback and Retransmissions 96

    References 97

    Part III EXPERIMENTAL LINK-LEVEL EVALUATION

    Introduction 101

    5 HSDPA Performance Measurements 103

    5.1 Mathematical Model of the Physical Layer 104

    5.1.1 System Model for the Channel Estimation 106

    5.1.2 System Model for the Equalizer Calculation 106

    5.2 Receiver 107

    5.2.1 Channel Estimation 107

    5.2.2 Equalizer 112

    5.2.3 Further Receiver Processing 113

    5.3 Quantized Precoding 113

    5.4 CQI and PCI Calculation 115

    5.4.1 HS-PDSCH Interference 115

    5.4.2 Pilot Interference 116

    5.4.3 Synchronization and Control Channel Interference 116

    5.4.4 Post-equalization Noise and SINR 118

    5.4.5 SINR to CQI Mapping 119

    5.5 Achievable Mutual Information 121

    5.6 Measurement Results 124

    5.6.1 Alpine Scenario 125

    5.6.2 Urban Scenario 128

    5.6.3 Discussion of the Implementation Loss 130

    5.7 Summary 131

    References 132

    6 HSDPA Antenna Selection Techniques 139

    Contributed by Jos´e Antonio Garc´1a-Naya

    6.1 Existing Research 141

    6.2 Receive Antenna Selection 142

    6.2.1 Antenna Selection Based on System Throughput 143

    6.2.2 Hardware Aspects of Antenna Selection 143

    6.3 An Exemplary Measurement and its Results 144

    6.3.1 Urban Scenario 144

    6.3.2 Experimental Assessment of Antenna Selection in HSDPA 145

    6.3.3 Measurement Results and Discussion 147

    6.4 Summary 148

    References 149

    7 HSDPA Antenna Spacing Measurements 153

    7.1 Problem Formulation 153

    7.2 Existing Research 154

    7.3 Experimental Setup 155

    7.4 Measurement Methodology 157

    7.4.1 Inferring the Mean Scenario Throughput 157

    7.4.2 Issues Requiring Special Attention 158

    7.5 Measurement Results and Discussion 160

    7.5.1 Equal Polarization Versus Cross-Polarization 160

    7.5.2 Channel Capacity 160

    7.5.3 Channel Capacity Versus Mutual Information 162

    7.5.4 Mutual Information Versus Achievable Mutual Information 162

    7.5.5 Achievable Mutual Information Versus Throughput 163

    7.5.6 Throughput 163

    7.6 Different Transmit Power Levels and Scenarios 163

    References 164

    8 Throughput Performance Comparisons 167

    8.1 Introduction 167

    8.2 Cellular Systems Investigated: WiMAX and HSDPA 168

    8.2.1 WiMAX and HSDPA 168

    8.2.2 Throughput Bounds and System Losses 169

    8.3 Measurement Methodology and Setup 172

    8.4 Measurement Results 173

    8.4.1 WiMAX Results 173

    8.4.2 HSDPA Results in Standard-Compliant Setting 177

    8.4.3 HSDPA Results in Advanced Setting 179

    8.5 Summary 179

    References 182

    9 Frequency Synchronization in LTE 183

    Contributed by Qi Wang

    9.1 Mathematical Model 184

    9.2 Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in LTE 186

    9.2.1 Standardized Training Symbols in LTE 186

    9.2.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimators 188

    9.3 Performance Evaluation 191

    9.3.1 Estimation Performance 192

    9.3.2 Post-FFT SINR 194

    9.3.3 Post-equalization SINR and Throughput 195

    References 199

    10 LTE Performance Evaluation 201

    Contributed by Stefan Schwarz

    10.1 Mathematical Model of the Physical Layer 202

    10.2 Receiver 203

    10.2.1 Channel Estimation 204

    10.2.2 Data Detection 205

    10.2.3 Further Receiver Processing 206

    10.3 Physical Layer Modeling 206

    10.3.1 Post-equalization SINR 207

    10.3.2 SINR Averaging 207

    10.4 User Equipment Feedback Calculation 208

    10.4.1 User Equipment Feedback Indicators 208

    10.4.2 Calculation of the CQI, PMI, and RI 210

    10.5 Practical Throughput Bounds 216

    10.5.1 Channel Capacity 216

    10.5.2 Open-Loop Mutual Information 217

    10.5.3 Closed-Loop Mutual Information 218

    10.5.4 BICM Bounds 219

    10.5.5 Achievable Throughput Bounds 222

    10.5.6 Prediction of the Optimal Performance 223

    10.6 Simulation Results 224

    10.6.1 SISO Transmission 225

    10.6.2 OLSM Transmission 227

    10.6.3 CLSM Transmission 229

    References 230

    Part IV SIMULATORS FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS

    Introduction 237

    References 240

    11 LTE Link- and System-Level Simulation 243

    Contributed by Josep Colom Ikuno

    11.1 The Vienna LTE Link Level Simulator 245

    11.1.1 Structure of the Simulator 245

    11.1.2 Complexity 247

    11.2 The Vienna LTE System Level Simulator 250

    11.2.1 Structure of the Simulator 250

    11.2.2 Simulator Implementation 252

    11.2.3 Complexity 253

    11.3 Validation of the Simulators 255

    11.3.1 3GPP Minimum Performance Requirements 257

    11.3.2 Link- and System-Level Cross-Comparison 257

    11.4 Exemplary Results 259

    11.4.1 Link-Level Throughput 259

    11.4.2 LTE Scheduling 262

    References 265

    12 System-Level Modeling for MIMO-Enhanced HSDPA 271

    12.1 Concept of System-Level Modeling 271

    12.2 Computationally Efficient Link-Measurement Model 273

    12.2.1 Receive Filter 274

    12.2.2 WCDMA MIMO in the Network Context 276

    12.2.3 Equivalent Fading Parameters Description 278

    12.2.4 Generation of the Equivalent Fading Parameters 284

    12.2.5 Influence of Non-Data Channels 286

    12.2.6 Resulting SINR Description 287

    12.3 Link-Performance Model 288

    12.3.1 Link-Performance Model Concept 289

    12.3.2 Training and Validation of the Model 293

    References 296

    Part V SIMULATION-BASED EVALUATION FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS

    Introduction 301

    13 Optimization of MIMO-Enhanced HSDPA 303

    13.1 Network Performance Prediction 303

    13.1.1 Simulation Setup 303

    13.1.2 Single Network Scenario Investigation 304

    13.1.3 Average Network Performance 306

    13.2 RLC-Based Stream Number Decision 310

    13.2.1 UE Decision 310

    13.2.2 RLC Decision 311

    13.2.3 System-Level Simulation Results 311

    13.3 Content-Aware Scheduling 313

    13.3.1 Video Packet Prioritization in HSDPA 313

    13.3.2 Content-Aware Scheduler 314

    13.3.3 Simulation Results 315

    13.4 CPICH Power Optimization 316

    13.4.1 System-Level Modeling of the CPICH Influence 317

    13.4.2 CPICH Optimization in the Cellular Context 318

    References 321

    14 Optimal Multi-User MMSE Equalizer 325

    14.1 System Model 326

    14.2 Intra-Cell Interference Aware MMSE Equalization 330

    14.2.1 Interference Suppression Capability 332

    14.3 The Cell Precoding State 334

    14.3.1 Training-Sequence-Based Precoding State Estimation 336

    14.3.2 Blind Precoding State Estimation 337

    14.3.3 Estimator Performance 339

    14.4 Performance Evaluation 340

    14.4.1 Physical-Layer Simulation Results 340

    14.4.2 System-Level Simulation Results 341

    References 343

    15 LTE Advanced Versus LTE 347

    Contributed by Stefan Schwarz

    15.1 IMT-Advanced and 3GPP Performance Targets 348

    15.2 Radio Interface Enhancements 349

    15.2.1 Bandwidth Extension 349

    15.2.2 Enhanced MIMO 350

    15.2.3 Uplink Improvements 351

    15.2.4 Beyond Release 10 352

    15.3 MIMO in LTE Advanced 354

    15.3.1 Codebook-Based Precoding 354

    15.3.2 Non-Codebook-Based Precoding 356

    15.4 Physical-Layer Throughput Simulation Results 359

    15.4.1 Eight-Antenna Transmission 359

    15.4.2 Comparison between LTE and LTE Advanced 363

    15.4.3 Comparison of SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO 363

    References 366

    Index 369