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Produktbild: Working Toward Sustainability

Working Toward Sustainability Ethical Decision-Making in a Technological World

Aus der Reihe Wiley Series in Sustainable Design

93,99 €

inkl. gesetzl. MwSt., Versandkostenfrei

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

01.11.2011

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

386

Maße (L/B/H)

26/20,8/2,4 cm

Gewicht

984 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-470-53972-9

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

01.11.2011

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

386

Maße (L/B/H)

26/20,8/2,4 cm

Gewicht

984 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-470-53972-9

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: Working Toward Sustainability
  • Preface xiii

    Acknowledgments xv

    Introduction xvii

    MAKING CONNECTIONS xviii

    SHIFTING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY xix

    THE STRUCTURE OF THIS BOOK xx

    Chapter 1

    A Context for Sustainability 1

    THE RATIONALE FOR SUSTAINABILITY 1

    Sustainability Interlude 1

    A Response to a Crisis 2

    CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES 5

    Population and Consumption 6

    Climate Change 6

    Nonrenewable Resource Depletion 8

    Loss of Biodiversity 9

    Overfishing 10

    Eutrophication 12

    Desertification and Acidification 13

    Poverty 14

    Ecosystem Services and Quality of Life 14

    THE ETHICAL CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABILITY 15

    THE THREE-LEG MODEL OF SUSTAINABILITY 15

    CONCLUSION 17

    Chapter 2

    The Technology Challenge 21

    OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY 21

    Defining Technology 22

    A Brief History of Technology 22

    THE TECHNOLOGY PARADOX 25

    Technological Optimism versus Technological Pessimism 25

    Developing a More Nuanced View of the Impacts of Technology 27

    CONSEQUENCES OF TECHNOLOGY 28

    Predicting Consequences of Technology 29

    Reducing the Uncertainty of Technology 31

    Technology Risk Assessment, Acceptance, and Management 32

    ALTERNATIVE, APPROPRIATE, AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY 34

    THE ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY 36

    SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 37

    Chapter 3

    Introduction to Ethical Concepts 41

    RELIGIOUS ETHICS 42

    Common Ideals 42

    Views of Human Nature 45

    SECULAR AND PHILOSOPHICAL ETHICAL TRADITIONS 46

    Justice 47

    Deontological Ethics 47

    Rights 48

    Consequentialist Ethics 51

    Objectivism and Ethical Relativism 52

    Objectivism and Relativism in Sustainability 55

    ETHICS AS A TOOL FOR MAKING DECISIONS 55

    Framing Ethical Problems 56

    Conflicting Values 56

    THE THREE LEGS OF SUSTAINABILITY 58

    Social Ethics 59

    Environmental Ethics 60

    Economic Ethics 61

    Integrating the Three Legs 63

    CONCLUSION 64

    Chapter 4

    Social Dimensions of Sustainability Ethics 67

    JUSTICE, FAIRNESS, AND RECIPROCITY 67

    The Golden Rule 68

    Ethics of Care 71

    DISTRIBUTIONAL PRINCIPLES 72

    Distribution in a Just Society 73

    Distributing Disadvantages 74

    EXPLORING INTERDEPENDENCE 75

    Thinking Globally, Acting Locally 76

    Life on Spaceship Earth 78

    Environmental Justice 80

    OBLIGATIONS TO FUTURE GENERATIONS 81

    Intergenerational Justice 82

    A Look Back at Looking Forward 84

    Future Quality of Life 85

    Beyond Seven Generations 87

    CONCLUSION 90

    Chapter 5

    Environmental Dimensions of Sustainability Ethics 95

    THE EMERGENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS 95

    The Birth of Modern Environmental Ethics 96

    Environmentalism Becomes Mainstream 98

    Undertones of the Sacred 99

    RELIGION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS 99

    Religion and Nature 99

    Greening Religion 101

    ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS 103

    Development of Ecology 103

    CARICATURES OF NATURE 104

    A Closer World 105

    CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS 107

    Getting the Scale of Ethics Right 108

    Deep Ecology, Ecofeminism, and Social Ecology 109

    Pluralistic Approaches 111

    Bioregionalism 112

    The New Agrarian Movement 113

    ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AND NONHUMAN ANIMALS 114

    Making a Case for the Individual 114

    Mixed Communities 115

    ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AND THE ETHICS OF SUSTAINABILITY 116

    Identifying Values 117

    Emphasizing Human Priorities 117

    CONCLUSION 118

    Chapter 6

    Economic Dimensions of Sustainability Ethics 123

    FROM CLASSICAL ECONOMICS TO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS 124

    The Advent of Modern Economics 124

    Ecological Economics and the Classical Economists 125

    Neoclassical Economics 128

    Criticisms of Neoclassical Economics 130

    Physical Limitations 131

    Influences of Ecology 132

    THE ECOLOGICAL ECONOMIC MODEL 134

    Natural Capital and Ecological Services 135

    Discounting the Future 136

    The Economic Value of Natural Systems 137

    Feedback between Ecological and Economic Systems 139

    TOOLS OF ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS 144

    The Polluter Pays Principle 144

    Extended Producer Responsibility 145

    Beneficiary Pays Principle 146

    Full Cost Accounting, Full Cost Pricing, and Life-Cycle Costing 148

    CONCLUSION 150

    Chapter 7

    Integrating the Three Legs of Sustainability 155

    THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE 156

    A Legal Context 157

    Precaution in Practice 159

    Precaution as Risk Management 160

    Cost-Benefit Analysis 161

    Including Stakeholders 162

    Including Science 164

    Compensation for Risks 165

    The March of Progress 167

    IRRECONCILABLE DIFFERENCES 168

    Lifeboat Ethics 168

    Tragedy of the Commons 169

    Hardin's Challenge 170

    POVERTY REDUCTION VERSUS ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION 170

    Linking Social and Environmental Goals 171

    Finding Synergistic Solutions 172

    The Role of Technology 174

    MANAGING THE GLOBAL COMMONS 175

    The Need for a Central Authority 176

    Moving beyond the Tragedy of the Commons 177

    International Multilateral Agreements 179

    Non-Governmental Organizations 180

    The Role of Government 181

    TRANSCENDING THE THREE-LEGGED STOOL MODEL 182

    Integrating the Three Legs 182

    Complex Adaptive Systems 183

    Integrating Behavior at Different Scales 184

    Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems 187

    Resilience and the Precautionary Principle 188

    Resilience and Technology 189

    Conflicting Values 191

    THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWER IN DECISION MAKING 192

    The Principle of Transparency 193

    Transparency in Industry 194

    Transparency and Technology 196

    The Value of Autonomy 197

    CONCLUSION 199

    Chapter 8

    Improving Our Thinking about Sustainability 209

    OBSTACLES TO MAKING GOOD DECISIONS 210

    Rational Decision Making 210

    Limits of Rationality 212

    Cognitive Heuristics 214

    Discounting the Future 217

    Complexity 219

    How Barriers to Rationality Affect Decisions 220

    STRATEGIES FOR ADDRESSING LIMITS TO RATIONALITY 224

    Becoming Environmentally Informed 224

    Becoming Socially and Economically Informed 226

    Systems Thinking 227

    CONCLUSION 235

    Chapter 9

    The Process of Changing Behavior 239

    THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR 239

    Attitudes 240

    Subjective Norms 240

    Perceived Control 241

    Understanding Planned Behavior 242

    OBSTACLES TO SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIOR 243

    Political Obstacles to Sustainable Behavior 244

    Lack of Social Capital 244

    Accepting Unsustainable Outcomes 245

    Individualization 246

    Distancing 248

    HOW CHANGE HAPPENS 251

    The Five Phases of Individual Change 251

    Diffusion of Innovation 253

    Applying Diffusion of Innovation 254

    STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTING CHANGE 257

    Small Wins 257

    Reasonable Person Model 258

    Moving People toward Change 261

    CONCLUSION 262

    Chapter 10

    Creating Change with Groups 267

    ADVANTAGES OF GROUP DECISION MAKING 267

    Additional Insights 268

    New Discoveries 270

    Increased Buy-In 271

    TYPES OF COLLABORATIVE PROCESSES 272

    MAKING THE MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PROCESS WORK 273

    Social Learning 273

    Building Shared Understanding 275

    Trust 281

    Iterative Approach 284

    LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS 287

    Developing the Ideal of a Learning Organization 288

    Creating Change in a Learning Organization 289

    CONCLUSION 290

    Chapter 11

    Applying an Ethic of Sustainability 295

    MAKING ETHICAL DECISIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: AN OVERVIEW 295

    Social Sustainability 296

    Ecological Sustainability 296

    Economic Sustainability 297

    Integrating the Dimensions of Sustainability 298

    CONTEMPORARY SUSTAINABILITY-BASED FRAMEWORKS 298

    The Natural Step 299

    The Hannover Principles 300

    Corporate Social Responsibility 300

    PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 303

    Sustainability Frameworks and Ethics 303

    Picturing the Three-Legged Stool Model 304

    A FINAL CRITIQUE 313

    Index 319