Historical Overview.- Pine Wilt in Japan: From First Incidence to the Present.- A Brief Overview of the Pine Wood Nematode and Pine Wilt Disease in Canada and the United States.- Pine Wilt Disease in China.- Pine Wilt Disease in Korea.- Pine Wilt Disease in Portugal.- Concluding Remarks.- Pine Wood Nematode.- Taxonomy and Systematics of the Nematode Genus Bursaphelenchus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae).- Parasitism Genes of the Pine Wood Nematode.- Embryology and Cytology of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.- Population Ecology of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.- Transmission Biology of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Relation to Its Insect Vector.- Concluding Remarks.- The Vector Beetle.- Vector-Host Tree Relationships and the Abiotic Environment.- Vector-Nematode Relationships and Epidemiology in Pine Wilt Disease.- Molecular Ecology of Vectors.- Concluding Remarks.- Host Responses and Wilting Mechanisms.- Physiological Incidences Related to Symptom Development and Wilting Mechanism.- Biochemical Responses in Pine Trees Affected by Pine Wilt Disease.- Host Fate Following Infection by the Pine Wood Nematode.- The Role of Bacteria Associated with the Pine Wood Nematode in Pathogenicity and Toxin-Production Related to Pine Wilt.- Concluding Remarks.- Related Microbes.- Bacteria Carried by the Pine Wood Nematode and Their Symbiotic Relationship with the Nematode.- Nematode Fauna and Fungal Flora in Infected Pine Trees.- Interactions of Pine Wood Nematodes, Wood-Inhabiting Fungi, and Vector Beetles.- Concluding Remarks.- Management of Pine Wilt Disease.- Integrated Pest Management of Pine Wilt Disease in Japan: Tactics and Strategies.- Recent Advances in the Integrated Management of the Pine Wood Nematode in China.- Breeding for Resistance to Pine Wilt Disease.- Biological Control ofthe Japanese Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus alternatus.- Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Controlling the Japanese Pine Sawyer, Monochamus alternatus.- Concluding Remarks.