Preface x
Acknowledgments xii
List of abbreviations xiii
1 Preliminaries 1
2 Nouns: Stem Classes 7
I Early backgrounds (§§1-9) 7
II Vocalic stems (§§10-77) 14
1 a-stem nouns (§§10-33) 14
(a) Simple a-stems (§§11-18) 14
(b) ja-stems (§§19-26) 18
(c) wa-stems (§§27-33) 22
2 d-stem nouns (§§34 -54) 26
(a) Simple d-stems (§§35- 44) 26
(b) jd-stems (§§45-51) 32
(c) wd-stems (§§52- 4) 36
3 i-stem nouns (§§55-70) 37
4 u-stem nouns (§§71-7) 46
III Consonantal stems (§§78-114) 48
1 n-stem nouns (§§78-90) 48
(a) dn-stems (§§80-7) 49
(b) cn-stems (§§88-90) 54
2 r-stem nouns (§§91- 4) 55
3 s-stem nouns (§§95-101) 58
4 þ-stem nouns (§§102-3) 61
5 nd-stem nouns (§§104 -8) 62
6 Root-stem nouns (§§109-14) 64
3 Nouns: Declensions 69
I Introduction (§§1-6) 69
II as-declension (§§7-72) 72
1 Inflexions (§§8-11) 73
2 Allomorphic variation (§§12-72) 75
(a) Restoration of A (§§14 -17) 76
(b) Palatalization (§§18-20) 77
(c) Back umlaut (§§21- 4) 78
(d) Loss of [h] (§§25-9) 80
(e) Devoicing (§§30-1) 83
(f) Nominative singular in -e (§§32-8) 83
(g) Geminate consonants (§§39- 41) 86
(h) Nominative singular in -u (§42) 88
(i) Nominative singular in -w (§§43-9) 88
(j) Apocope (§§50-1) 92
(k) Double plurals (§§52-5) 93
(l) Disyllabic nouns (§§56-72) 95
III a-declension (§§73-104) 109
1 Inflexions (§§74 -80) 109
2 Allomorphic variation (§§81-104) 112
(a) Restoration of A (§§83- 4) 113
(b) Palatalization (§85) 114
(c) Back umlaut (§§86-7) 114
(d) Loss of [h] and final devoicing (§§88-9) 115
(e) Geminate consonants (§§90-1) 116
(f) Stem-final /w/ (§§92- 4) 117
(g) Apocope (§§95-9) 119
(h) Disyllabic nouns (§§100- 4) 122
IV an-declension (§§105-16) 124
1 Inflexions (§§106-15) 124
2 Allomorphic variation (§116) 129
V Minor declensions (§§117-31) 129
1 Minor a-plurals (§§117-21) 129
2 Mutation plurals (§§122-7) 132
3 Miscellanea (§§128-31) 136
VI Gender and declension (§§132- 43) 138
1 Gender (§§133-9) 138
2 Declension (§§140-3) 142
VII Nominal compounding (§§144 -7) 143
4 Adjectives, Adverbs and Numerals 146
I Introduction (§§1-3) 146
II Indefinite (strong) adjectives (§§4 -56) 147
1 Historical origins (§§4 -8) 147
2 Inflexions (§§9-20) 149
3 Allomorphic variation (§§21-56) 154
(a) Restoration of A (§§22- 4) 154
(b) Loss of [x] (§§25-30) 155
(c) Nominative singular in -e (§§31-5) 159
(d) Geminate consonants (§§36-7) 162
(e) Nominative singular masculine in -u (§§38-9) 162
(f) Nominative singular in -w (§40) 163
(g) Apocope (§§41-3) 164
(h) Disyllabic and polysyllabic stems (§§44 -52) 165
(i) Past participles (§§53-6) 171
III Definite (weak) adjectives (§§57-60) 172
1 Historical origins and inflexions (§§57-9) 172
2 Allomorphic variation (§60) 173
IV Comparison of adjectives (§§61-75) 174
1 Historical origins (§§61- 4) 174
2 Variation in Old English (§§65-75) 177
V Adverbs (§§76-9) 183
VI Numerals (§§80-91) 185
1 Cardinals (§§80-9) 185
2 Ordinals (§§90-1) 189
5 Pronouns 191
I Introduction (§§1-2) 191
II Demonstrative pronouns (§§3-13) 192
III The anaphoric pronoun (§§14 -17) 197
IV Interrogative pronouns (§§18-21) 200
V Personal pronouns (§§22-32) 202
VI Indefinite pronouns (§§33-7) 207
VII Other pronominal types (§§38-9) 209
6 Verbs 210
I Early background (§§1-5) 210
II Strong verbs (§§6-76) 213
1 Inflexions (§§6-30) 213
(a) Indicative present (§§11-20) 216
(b) Indicative preterite (§§21-2) 222
(c) Subjunctive (§§23-5) 223
(d) Imperative (§26) 224
(e) Non-finite forms (§§27-30) 224
2 Stems (§§31-76) 225
(a) Ablaut patterns (§§33-6) 227
(b) Variant stem types (§§37- 42) 231
(i) Weak presents (§37) 231
(ii) Contracted verbs (§§38- 41) 231
(iii) Alternations under Verner's Law (§42) 234
(c) Classes of strong verbs (§§43-76) 234
(i) Class 1 (§§43-6) 234
(ii) Class 2 (§§47-50) 236
(iii) Class 3 (§§51-7) 239
(iv) Class 4 (§§58-60) 243
(v) Class 5 (§§61- 4) 246
(vi) Class 6 (§§65-8) 248
(vii) Class 7 (§§69-76) 251
III Weak verbs (§§77-130) 258
1 Weak class I (§§78-103) 258
(a) Inflexions (§§80-8) 260
(b) Stems (§§89-103) 265
(i) Stems with original geminate (§92) 266
(ii) Stems in dental consonant (§§93-5) 267
(iii) Stems in original final sonorant (§§96-8) 268
(iv) Contracted verbs with loss of [h] (§99) 272
(v) Stems in final velar consonant (§§100-3) 273
2 Weak class II (§§104 -20) 279
(a) Inflexions (§§106-13) 279
(b) Stems (§§114 -20) 284
3 Weak class III (§§121-30) 289
(a) Inflexions (§122-26) 290
(b) Stems (§§127-30) 294
IV Preterite-present verbs (§§131- 44) 299
1 Inflexion and classes (§§132- 40) 300
(a) Classes 1 and 2 (§§133- 4) 300
(b) Class 3 (§§135-6) 302
(c) Classes 4 and 5 (§§137-8) 303
(d) Classes 6 and 7 (§§139- 40) 305
2 Historical development (§§141- 4) 306
V Athematic verbs (§§145-63) 308
1 The verb bbon, wesan (§§146-51) 309
2 The verb ddn (§§152-5) 314
3 The verb gan (§§156-9) 317
4 The verb willan (§§160-3) 320
References 323
Word index 342
Subject index 383
