Enzyme- and Transporter-Based Drug-Drug Interactions Progress and Future Challenges

K. Sandy Pang Ph.D.
is Professor of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine at the University of Toronto. She received her B.S. (Pharmacy) from the University of Toronto, Ph.D. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) from UCSF and post-doctoral training with Dr. James R. Gillette as a Fogarty International Fellow at the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Pang’s work spans the fields of pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism and transporters and their regulation. Her research programs are aimed towards a mechanistic-based understanding of the handling of drugs and their metabolites within the liver, the intestine, and kidney via integration of relevant processes into physiologically-based models, encompassing state-of-the-art experimentation and theory. Her work emphasizes the presence of immediate removal of formed metabolites
in situ
the eliminating organ that reveals differences in the fates of formed
vs.
preformed metabolites because of transmembrane barriers, enzyme heterogeneity, enzymatic coupling, and kinetics of successive formation of metabolites. Recent studies focused on the continuation of metabolite PBPK modeling, siRNA disposition, and the role of 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
₃
-liganded vitamin D receptor on the regulation of transporters and enzymes. Dr. Pang has published over 200 original articles and chapters. She has served on various committees for NIH ASPET, AAPS, ISSX, and AAAS. She is the editor-in-chief of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition, and is a member of the editorial review boards of the American Journal of Physiology, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Drug Metabolism and Disposition, and AAPS Journal. She was the recipient of the NIH Research Career Development Award, Faculty Development award from the Medical Research Council of Canada, the McNeil Award from the Faculties of Pharmacies in Canada, and the Research Achievement Award in Pharmacokinetics,Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism from the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS).

A. David Rodrigues
is Executive Director of the Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Department, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, at Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey. The author and co-author of over ninety peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, Dr. Rodrigues sits of the Editorial Board of three journals (
Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Current Drug Metabolism
, and
Drug Metabolism Letters
) and is member of the International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics (ISSX) and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS). He received the B.Sc. degree (1984) in applied science from Kingston-upon-Thames Polytechnic, Surrey, England, and the Ph.D. degree (1988) in biochemistry from the University of Surrey, Guildford, England.

Raimund M. Peter
is Associate Director of the Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Section, Cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal Research Department, at AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, United Kingdom. The author and co-author of twenty peer-reviewed journal articles, Dr. Peter is the current Chairman of the Drug Metabolism Focus Group of AAPS and is member of the International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics (ISSX), the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), and the American Chemical Society. He received the Dipl.-Chem. degree (1986) in chemistry, and the Ph.D. degree (1992) in chemistry & biochemical pharmacology from the University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany.