Part I. Hard Substrates: 1. Physical factors and communities; 2. Adaptations of organisms to water movement; 3. Biological interactions; Part II. Kelp Forests: 4. The plants; 5. The fauna; Part III. Coral Reefs: 6. Reef structure and environment; 7. Nutrition and growth of reef corals; 8. Biological interaction with reef corals; 9. Reef faunas: fish; Part IV. Level Substrates: 10. Level substrates.