Cultures of Servitude Modernity, Domesticity, and Class in India

"By taking us into the intimate sphere of employers' and employees' personal experiences, Ray and Qayum expose the blurry intersections that domestic work sustains between class and gender, the private and public, and the old and modern. As self-employment expands the world over, these insights are invaluable for our understanding of contemporary capitalism."-Rina Agarwala, American Journal of Sociology "[An] engaging and insightful piece of scholarship."-Kamala Visweswaran, Journal of Anthropological Research "With great sensitivity to human fragility and nuance, Ray and Qayum beautifully draw upon a rich ethnography to emphasize the unequal power at the heart of employer-employee interactions. Cultures of Servitude is the best ethnography I've read in years."-Eileen Boris, University of California, Santa Barbara "Brilliantly observing domestic servitude in urban India, Ray and Qayum note the differences in the shift from rural to urban, big houses to small flats, and long-term family retainers to more temporary employment. They offer a compelling argument for looking at the microscopic interactions of domesticity to reveal the broader truths of contemporary capitalism and modernity." -Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, University of Southern California "Cultures of Servitude is a beautifully written, empirically rich, and theoretically sophisticated study that rethinks the relationship between class formation and domestic servitude in the globalized economy. Exposing the complex interactions between domestic workers and their employers in the context of the dramatic social changes that have transformed India in recent decades, it bristles with fresh insights and complicates our understanding of the the ways in which class distinction is enacted and reproduced subjectively within the intimate sphere of the household. Ray and Qayum deploy a series of revealing comparisons: over historical time (from feudal to modern India), gender (from male to female servants), generation (from the old to the new middle class), space (from large houses to modern apartments), and work relations (from live-in retainers to quasi-contractual servants) to produce an original and compelling analysis. A must read for sociologists of gender, work, and globalization."-Ruth Milkman, University of California, Los Angeles