1. Introduction Tom Ginsburg and Tamir Moustafa; 2. Of judges and generals: security courts under authoritarian regimes in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile Anthony Pereira; 3. Administrative law and judicial control of agents in authoritarian regimes Tom Ginsburg; 4. Singapore: the exception that proves rules matter Gordon Silverstein; 5. Judicial independence in authoritarian regimes: insights from Chile Lisa Hilbink; 6. Law and resistance in authoritarian states: the Egyptian case Tamir Moustafa and Simon Fraser; 7. Courts out of context: the authoritarian sources of judicial failure in Chile (1973-90) and Argentina (1976-83) Robert Barros; 8. An authoritarian enclave? The supreme court in Mexico's emerging democracy Beatriz Magaloni; 9. The institutional diffusion of courts in China: evidence from survey data Pierre Landry; 10. Building judicial independence in semi-democracies: Uganda and Tanzania Jennifer Widner; 11. Judicial power in authoritarian states: the Russian experience Peter Solomon; 12. Courts in a semi-democratic/authoritarian regime: the judicialization of Turkish and Iranian politics Hootan Shambayati; 13. Judicial systems and economic development Hilton Root and Karen May; 14. Courts in authoritarian regimes Martin Shapiro.