Fundamental Considerations.- Applied Anatomy.- Developmental Biology and Embryology of the Thorax.- Applied Physiology and Pulmonary Function Testing.- Radiology of the Chest.- Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery.- Thoracoscopic Surgery.- Thoracic Incisions and Operative Approaches.- Infection.- Pneumonia.- Empyema Thoracis.- Pulmonary Tuberculosis.- Lung Abscess.- Pulmonary Hydatid Disease.- Bronchiectasis.- Chronic Pleuro-Pulmonary and Chest Wall Infections.- Trauma.- Thoracic Trauma. General Considerations.- Blunt Thoracic Trauma.- Penetrating Thoracic Trauma.- Tumours.- Anterior Mediastinal Tumors.- Posterior Mediastinal Tumors.- Lung Tumors.- Chest Wall Tumors.- Esophagus.- Congenital Malformations.- Esophageal Stricture.- Esophageal Replacement.- Achalasia.- Gastro-esophageal Reflux.- Esophageal Foreign Bodies.- Trachea.- Foreign Bodies in the Airway.- Vascular Rings.- Foregut Duplication Cysts.- Lung Disease.- Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation.- Pulmonary Sequestration.- Congenital Lobar Emphysema.- Respiratory Disorders of the Newborn.- Cystic Fibrosis.- Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Hemoptysis.- Interstitial Diseases of the Lung.- Pneumothorax.- Diaphragm.- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.- Diaphragmatic Eventration and Phrenic Palsy.- Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation.- Diaphragmatic Pacing in Children.- Chest Wall Abnormalities.- Pectus Excavatum.- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.- Thoracopagus Conjoined Twins.- Miscellaneous.- Chylothorax.- The Thymus and Myasthenia Gravis.- Hyperhidrosis and Thoracic Sympathectomy.