1 Theories of the Firm Through Duality.- 1.1 The Different Behavioral Assumptions.- 1.2 Using Duality Theory to Overcome Data Problems.- 1.3 The Completion of Ronald W. Shephard’s Duality.- 1.4 Remarks on the Literature.- 2 Distance Functions.- 2.1 Input and Output Distance Functions.- 2.2 Efficiency Measurement.- 2.3 Quantity Index Applications.- 2.4 Modelling Returns to Scale.- 2.5 Remarks on the Literature.- 3 Cost and Revenue Functions.- 3.1 Duality Theorems.- 3.2 Derivative Properties of Cost and Revenue Functions.- 3.3 Shadow Pricing of Inputs and Outputs.- 3.4 Overall Efficiency Measurement.- 3.5 Price Indexes.- 3.6 Inverse Homotheticity.- 3.7 Remarks on the Literature.- 3.A Appendix.- 4 Indirect Distance Functions.- 4.1 Cost and Revenue Constrained Firms.- 4.2 Dualities.- 4.3 Derivative Properties of the Indirect Distance Functions.- 4.4 Nonparametric Testing.- 4.5 Remarks on the Literature.- 4.A Appendix.- 5 Indirect Cost and Revenue Functions.- 5.1 Duality Theorems.- 5.2 Derivative Properties.- 5.3 Cost Benefit Analysis.- 5.4 Remarks on the Literature.- 5.A Appendix.- 6 The Profit Function.- 6.1 Duality Theorems.- 6.2 The Profit, Cost, and Revenue Functions.- 6.3 The Profit, Indirect Input Distance and Indirect Output Distance Functions.- 6.4 The Profit, Indirect Cost and Indirect Revenue Functions.- 6.5 Remarks on the Literature.- 7 Towards Empirical Applications.- 7.1 An Overview.- 7.2 Monotonicity, Homogeneity and Convexity.- 7.3 Homogeneous and Inversely Homothetic Technologies.- 7.4 Functional Forms.- 7.5 Remarks on the Literature.- References.- Author Index.